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2009-05-29T16:02:31Z

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{{Interwiki/Training}}

== Importance of training ==

'''Training''' is one of the most important aspects of a successful [[team]] in Hattrick. By concentrating on training just one [[skills|skill]] for a number of seasons a team can take medium skilled, young [[players]] and train them up to become superstars, who can then be sold for a profit or kept in the team, thus improving the team and helping the team to eventually win [[promotion]].

But the monetary side is only one side of the coin. Each training type also has associated other benefits and disadvantages. For example a playmaking trainer can't train his players efficiently in the later [[cup]] rounds and a goalkeeper trainer is not limited to specific [[formation]].

== Choosing trainees ==

Choosing the correct players to train is a balancing act. There are four factors to consider.
* Main skill ([[goalkeeping]], [[defending]], [[playmaking]], [[winger]] or [[scoring]])
* Age
* Secondary skills, related to the main skill
* Price

There is little to be gained from training players that are not at least [[Denominations#Player_abilities_etc|passable]] in their main skill. For new teams 17 year olds with at least Passable main skill should be considered.
Training a player who is passable or solid in primary skill is not as profitable as training higher skills, but lower skilled players cost considerably less to purchase.
To get some ideas of the cost and profit from various skill increases see
[http://www.lokesoftware.dk/ham/hamtpestats.cfm?Skill=1 HAM Transfer Price Evaluation].

As players age, they decrease in price, so buying slightly older players (e.g. 18 or 19 year olds) is often wise.

The better the secondary skills, the more you will pay to purchase the trainee, but the final selling price will also be higher.

== Training types ==
{{Based_on_research}}
In Hattrick, training takes place once a week. Typically only players who played on certain positions are fully trained depending on the skill you are training. If, for instance, [[forward]]s are being trained then only the players that played as a forward in one of the two games that week receive training. There are 12 types of training. Each have their own potential for generating profit or improving your team. ''Generally the training types that concentrate on one of the main skills ([[goalkeeping]], [[defending]], [[playmaking]], [[wing]]er, and [[scoring]]) are the most popular training types.''

To train the maximum number of players each week it is important to arrange [[friendlies]] where you play your trainees who did not play in the league match in the same week.

Brackets indicate small effects. Double brackets indicate very small effects.
<TABLE>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#dddddd">
<TD>Training type</TD>
<TD>Improves</TD>
<TD>...for...</TD>
<TD>Training speed</TD>
<TD>Max players trained</TD>

<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Goalkeeping training|Goalkeeping]]</TD>
<TD>Goalkeeping</TD>
<TD>Goalkeepers </TD>
<TD>4 weeks</TD>
<TD>2</TD>

</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Defending training | Defending]]</TD>
<TD>Defending</TD>
<TD>Defenders, Wing backs ((Others))</TD>
<TD>7.4 weeks</TD>
<TD>10</TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Playmaking training|Playmaking]]      </TD>
<TD>Playmaking</TD>
<TD>Inner midfielders (Wingers) ((Others))</TD>
<TD>6.3 weeks</TD>
<TD>6 (4)</TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Scoring training | Scoring]]</TD>
<TD>Scoring</TD>
<TD>Forwards ((others)) </TD>
<TD>6.5 weeks</TD>
<TD>6</TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Crossing (Winger)]]</TD>
<TD>Winger</TD>
<TD>Wingers (Wing backs) ((others))</TD>
<TD>4.4 weeks</TD>
<TD>4 (4)</TD>
</TR>
<TR valign="top" style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Defensive positions]]</TD>
<TD>Defending</TD>
<TD>(Goalkeepers, defenders, inner midfielders and wingers) ((Others))</TD>
<TD>14.8 weeks</TD>
<TD>(20)</TD>

</TR>

<TR valign="top" style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Wing attacks]]</TD>
<TD>Winger</TD>
<TD>Forwards and wingers ((Others))</TD>
<TD>7.3 weeks</TD>
<TD>10</TD>

</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD rowspan=2>[[Shooting]]</TD>
<TD>(Scoring)</TD>
<TD>(Outfielders) ((Others))</TD>
<TD>11 weeks</TD>
<TD>(20+) </TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>(Set pieces)</TD>
<TD>((All who played a game during the week))</TD>
<TD>Pretty long</TD>
<TD>(22)</TD>
</TR>

<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ffdddd">
<TD>[[Short passes]]</TD>
<TD>Passing</TD>
<TD>Midfielders, wingers and forwards ((Others))</TD>
<TD>5.8 weeks</TD>
<TD>16</TD>

</TR>
<TR valign="top" style="background-color:#ffdddd">
<TD>[[Through passes]]</TD>
<TD>Passing</TD>
<TD>Defenders, midfielders and wingers ((Others))</TD>
<TD>6.8 weeks</TD>
<TD>20</TD>

</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ffdddd">
<TD>[[Set pieces training|Set pieces]]</TD>
<TD>Set pieces</TD>
<TD>All who played a game during the week, 25% bonus to the set pieces taker and goalkeeper</TD>
<TD>1.3 week</TD>
<TD>22</TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddddff">
<TD rowspan=2>[[General training | General]]</TD>
<TD>(Form)</TD>
<TD>(All who played a game during the week)</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD>22</TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddddff">
<TD>(Goalkeeping)</TD>
<TD>((Goalkeepers))</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>

</TABLE>

'''Please note the 'Training Speed' numbers are based on 100% training intensity, 15% stamina training, 17 year old trainees having a skillup from [[Denominations|solid]] to [[Denominations|excellent]], using a [[Denominations|solid]] coach, and 9 [[Assistant coach|assistants]].'''

A very rough rule is that for each year above 17 it takes a half week longer to train a player than stated in the above table. A more accurate measurement is that training time increases by approximately 4% each year above 17 years of age.

Also note that these training speed values are given as an average, and can (and will) vary from player to player. This means, for example, that if the value presented for a given training is 7 weeks, some players will take 6, others 8, but if you look at a large number of players they should average at 7. This might be due to the fact that the player gets a part of the next level after a [[pop]]. When that happens he needs less time to pop again. For example: When the first pop ends up to solid and a very little bit (7,02) he needs more time to go to excellent than when his first pop gives him a bit more (7,12).

There is a MS Excel table (see [[#External Links|External Links]] below) to calculate the length of skillups, taking the various parameters (age, trainer, assistants, skill level, ...) into account.
It's based on > 400.000 data samples provided by the the [[Hattrick Organizer]] users.

== Training efficiency factors ==
=== Effect of stamina training ===
The amount of training that you devote to [[stamina]] will cut into the amount of skill training accomplished each week. You will have to balance the amount of stamina training you need to maintain your preferred squad level (as well as any added stamina for trainees).

=== Effect of coach ===
To achieve the optimal training time requires a [[coach]] with solid coaching skills.
A coaching level below that lengthens training time. A general rule of thumb is one extra week for every level below solid, although this rule is not so accurate with the faster training types.

[[Denominations#Coach_skills_/_Form_/_Leadership|Excellent]] coaches train slightly faster than solid ones by roughly half a week but are generally seen as too expensive to be profitable in the long term.

=== Effect of player age ===
Young players train much faster than old players. To achieve the optimal training time, many managers prefer trainees between the ages of 17 and 20, with 17 or 18 the best age to start training. Clubs at higher series levels may prefer to train older players at a higher skill level in order to remain competitive in both the league and the cup.

Older players are slower to train, and a good rule of thumb is one half extra week for every year older than 17. More precisely, training becomes approx. 4% slower for every year above this (also called trainings speed depreciation).

As a player reaches 27 his abilities may start to decrease. This process doesn't occur constantly, and there is no guarantee it will happen at all. Typically, very small decreases occur for players around 30, considerably larger leaps for players around 35. For some reason, these decreases in abilities always surface on Mondays. Certain skills are harder to maintain as players grow older — scoring ability is the hardest to maintain, whilst goalkeeping is the easiest.

=== Effect of assistants ===
[[Assistant coach]]es also help with training. A team may only have 10 of any one type of [[staff]]. However assistant coaches and [[goalkeeping coach]]es are treated as one type, so a team may only have a combined total of 10 coaches. Typically non-goalkeeping training teams employ 9 assistant coaches and 1 goalkeeping coach. It is believed that a goalkeeping coach helps to maintain the [[form]] of the keeper. Other people prefer a 8 to 2 split between coaches.

Some users claim it is possible to have 11 coaches without seeing any ill effects, but many users have lost a week of training when trying this.

It is not always in a team's best interest to hire all the possible assistants. The effect of each additional assistant decreases fast. The effect of additional assistants most probably follows a square root dependence, just as economists do. Hence four assistants improve the training twice as much as only one assistant does, and 9 assistants improve the training three times as much ( sqrt(9) vs sqrt(4) vs sqrt(1) ).

Another model suggests that each additional assistant coach is worth 50% of the previous. If that is the case then you get something like this:

1 = 100%
2 = 50%
3 = 25%
4 = 12.5%
5 = 6.25%
6 = 3.125%
7 = 1.5625%
8 = 0.78125%
9 = 0.390625%
10 = 0.1953125%

Example: Having 5 GK coaches instead of 10 will slow GK training all the way from solid to divine by 1 week only. This is approximately 2 years of real time!
To get that one week advantage, it will cost you: 104 weeks * 5 assistants * 1500Ã¢ÂÂ¬ every week = Ã¢ÂÂ¬780.000

New clubs and clubs in financial difficulty should always bear this in mind when trying to make savings.

* For more information, see: [[Staff]]

=== Training intensity ===
Most team managers agree it is best to train at 100% intensity. The benefits are clear in that skills increase more quickly, and there is also the likelihood of better [[form]].

Unfortunately, there is also an increased chance of [[injury]].

== When to cash in ==
{{Based_on_opinion}}

In most cases [[transfers|selling]] trainees at age 21 is the best way to maximise profit. Once a player hits 21 years old, he begins to train at a noticeably slower rate compared to a younger player.

With particularly high skilled players, especially [[National Teams|National Team]] players, training can be taken on further, but in general the financial returns decrease beyond the age of 21.

It is also worth noting it is possible to overtrain a player, and make him unsustainable in the long run due to the extremely high [[wages]]. The recent market deflation also makes selling unprofitable after 21.

== Advanced training ==

* [[Skill trading]] - Primarily refers to buying players believed to be close to "popping", ideally within one to two weeks, benefiting from market inefficiency in valuing partially trained players. This approach is difficult with any skill other than goalkeeping, due to the inexact correspondence of [[TSI]] to player skills.

* [[Osmosis training]] - Up to global season 34, every player in a team got at least a bit of training, even if they didn't play at all. Many teams profited from this by buying a lot of players (up to 50) and waiting for a pop in a few weeks while doing nothing. But from season 35 every player needs to play at least once in a week to get the minimum training, effectively decreasing the profitability of this technique.

But it could be that the goal of maximizing profit is a goal that does not optimise the team over time. Some users believe it is better to develop your own players to advance in the series system, rather than to optimise economical goals. It is after all a football manager game!

== Individual training instruction ==
On the 3rd of July 2008, Hattrick announced that Individual training instruction was available. This means you may exclude up to three players from getting any training (except Stamina) at all from playing a game. The main point of this feature is to avoid paying excessive salaries for players that are already very highly skilled. You access this feature from your Training page.

Individual training has a very different meaning in a [[Youth Academy]]. If Individual training is selected, each player randomly gets a small boost to a relevant skill, eg- keepers will increase keeper, defense or set pieces, while a midfielder will increase playmaking, passing, defense or set pieces. The owner has no control over which skill gets chosen, though, and a skill that is already capped may get picked, resulting in no training for that player. Individual training is rarely used as result of this random factor and the extremely slow speed at which it operates.

== See also ==
[[HTs_on_Global/Training]]

== External Links ==

* [http://trainingspeed.freehostia.com/ Hattrick training speed calculator]
* [http://bobymoore.blogsome.com/category/tips/tips-training/ bobymoore's blog advanced articles on competitive training]
* [http://www.flattermann.net/downloads MS Excel table to predict the skillup length (TrainingspeedFormula.xls)] by [[User:flattermann|flattermann]]

[[Category:Training|*]]

Training

2009-05-28T05:44:38Z

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{{Interwiki/Training}}

== Importance of training ==

'''Training''' is one of the most important aspects of a successful [[team]] in Hattrick. By concentrating on training just one [[skills|skill]] for a number of seasons a team can take medium skilled, young [[players]] and train them up to become superstars, who can then be sold for a profit or kept in the team, thus improving the team and helping the team to eventually win [[promotion]].

But the monetary side is only one side of the coin. Each training type also has associated other benefits and disadvantages. For example a playmaking trainer can't train his players efficiently in the later [[cup]] rounds and a goalkeeper trainer is not limited to specific [[formation]].

== Choosing trainees ==

Choosing the correct players to train is a balancing act. There are four factors to consider.
* Main skill ([[goalkeeping]], [[defending]], [[playmaking]], [[winger]] or [[scoring]])
* Age
* Secondary skills, related to the main skill
* Price

There is little to be gained from training players that are not at least [[Denominations#Player_abilities_etc|passable]] in their main skill. For new teams 17 year olds with at least Passable main skill should be considered.
Training a player who is passable or solid in primary skill is not as profitable as training higher skills, but lower skilled players cost considerably less to purchase.
To get some ideas of the cost and profit from various skill increases see
[http://www.lokesoftware.dk/ham/hamtpestats.cfm?Skill=1 HAM Transfer Price Evaluation].

As players age, they decrease in price, so buying slightly older players (e.g. 18 or 19 year olds) is often wise.

The better the secondary skills, the more you will pay to purchase the trainee, but the final selling price will also be higher.

== Training types ==
{{Based_on_research}}
In Hattrick, training takes place once a week. Typically only players who played on certain positions are fully trained depending on the skill you are training. If, for instance, [[forward]]s are being trained then only the players that played as a forward in one of the two games that week receive training. There are 12 types of training. Each have their own potential for generating profit or improving your team. ''Generally the training types that concentrate on one of the main skills ([[goalkeeping]], [[defending]], [[playmaking]], [[wing]]er, and [[scoring]]) are the most popular training types.''

To train the maximum number of players each week it is important to arrange [[friendlies]] where you play your trainees who did not play in the league match in the same week.

Brackets indicate small effects. Double brackets indicate very small effects.
<TABLE>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#dddddd">
<TD>Training type</TD>
<TD>Improves</TD>
<TD>...for...</TD>
<TD>Training speed</TD>
<TD>Max players trained</TD>

<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Goalkeeping training|Goalkeeping]]</TD>
<TD>Goalkeeping</TD>
<TD>Goalkeepers </TD>
<TD>4 weeks</TD>
<TD>2</TD>

</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Defending training | Defending]]</TD>
<TD>Defending</TD>
<TD>Defenders, Wing backs ((Others))</TD>
<TD>7.4 weeks</TD>
<TD>10</TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Playmaking training|Playmaking]]      </TD>
<TD>Playmaking</TD>
<TD>Inner midfielders (Wingers) ((Others))</TD>
<TD>6.3 weeks</TD>
<TD>6 (4)</TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Scoring training | Scoring]]</TD>
<TD>Scoring</TD>
<TD>Forwards ((others)) </TD>
<TD>6.5 weeks</TD>
<TD>6</TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Crossing (Winger)]]</TD>
<TD>Winger</TD>
<TD>Wingers (Wing backs) ((others))</TD>
<TD>4.4 weeks</TD>
<TD>4 (4)</TD>
</TR>
<TR valign="top" style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Defensive positions]]</TD>
<TD>Defending</TD>
<TD>(Goalkeepers, defenders, inner midfielders and wingers) ((Others))</TD>
<TD>14.8 weeks</TD>
<TD>(20)</TD>

</TR>

<TR valign="top" style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Wing attacks]]</TD>
<TD>Winger</TD>
<TD>Forwards and wingers ((Others))</TD>
<TD>7.3 weeks</TD>
<TD>10</TD>

</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD rowspan=2>[[Shooting]]</TD>
<TD>(Scoring)</TD>
<TD>(Outfielders) ((Others))</TD>
<TD>11 weeks</TD>
<TD>(20+) </TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>(Set pieces)</TD>
<TD>((All who played a game during the week))</TD>
<TD>Pretty long</TD>
<TD>(22)</TD>
</TR>

<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ffdddd">
<TD>[[Short passes]]</TD>
<TD>Passing</TD>
<TD>Midfielders, wingers and forwards ((Others))</TD>
<TD>5.8 weeks</TD>
<TD>16</TD>

</TR>
<TR valign="top" style="background-color:#ffdddd">
<TD>[[Through passes]]</TD>
<TD>Passing</TD>
<TD>Defenders, midfielders and wingers ((Others))</TD>
<TD>6.8 weeks</TD>
<TD>20</TD>

</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ffdddd">
<TD>[[Set pieces training|Set pieces]]</TD>
<TD>Set pieces</TD>
<TD>All who played a game during the week, 25% bonus to the set pieces taker and goalkeeper</TD>
<TD>1.3 week</TD>
<TD>22</TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddddff">
<TD rowspan=2>[[General training | General]]</TD>
<TD>(Form)</TD>
<TD>(All who played a game during the week)</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD>22</TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddddff">
<TD>(Goalkeeping)</TD>
<TD>((Goalkeepers))</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>

</TABLE>

'''Please note the 'Training Speed' numbers are based on 100% training intensity, 15% stamina training, 17 year old trainees having a skillup from [[Denominations|solid]] to [[Denominations|excellent]], using a [[Denominations|solid]] coach, and 9 [[Assistant coach|assistants]].'''

A very rough rule is that for each year above 17 it takes a half week longer to train a player than stated in the above table. A more accurate measurement is that training time increases by approximately 4% each year above 17 years of age.

Also note that these training speed values are given as an average, and can (and will) vary from player to player. This means, for example, that if the value presented for a given training is 7 weeks, some players will take 6, others 8, but if you look at a large number of players they should average at 7. This might be due to the fact that the player gets a part of the next level after a [[pop]]. When that happens he needs less time to pop again. For example: When the first pop ends up to solid and a very little bit (7,02) he needs more time to go to excellent than when his first pop gives him a bit more (7,12).

There is a MS Excel table (see [[#External Links|External Links]] below) to calculate the length of skillups, taking the various parameters (age, trainer, assistants, skill level, ...) into account.
It's based on > 400.000 data samples provided by the the [[Hattrick Organizer]] users.

== Training efficiency factors ==
=== Effect of stamina training ===
The amount of training that you devote to [[stamina]] will cut into the amount of skill training accomplished each week. You will have to balance the amount of stamina training you need to maintain your preferred squad level (as well as any added stamina for trainees).

=== Effect of coach ===
To achieve the optimal training time requires a [[coach]] with solid coaching skills.
A coaching level below that lengthens training time. A general rule of thumb is one extra week for every level below solid, although this rule is not so accurate with the faster training types.

[[Denominations#Coach_skills_/_Form_/_Leadership|Excellent]] coaches train slightly faster than solid ones by roughly half a week but are generally seen as too expensive to be profitable in the long term.

=== Effect of player age ===
Young players train much faster than old players. To achieve the optimal training time, many managers prefer trainees between the ages of 17 and 20, with 17 or 18 the best age to start training. Clubs at higher series levels may prefer to train older players at a higher skill level in order to remain competitive in both the league and the cup.

Older players are slower to train, and a good rule of thumb is one half extra week for every year older than 17. More precisely, training becomes approx. 4% slower for every year above this (also called trainings speed depreciation).

As a player reaches 27 his abilities may start to decrease. This process doesn't occur constantly, and there is no guarantee it will happen at all. Typically, very small decreases occur for players around 30, considerably larger leaps for players around 35. For some reason, these decreases in abilities always surface on Mondays. Certain skills are harder to maintain as players grow older — scoring ability is the hardest to maintain, whilst goalkeeping is the easiest.

=== Effect of assistants ===
[[Assistant coach]]es also help with training. A team may only have 10 of any one type of [[staff]]. However assistant coaches and [[goalkeeping coach]]es are treated as one type, so a team may only have a combined total of 10 coaches. Typically non-goalkeeping training teams employ 9 assistant coaches and 1 goalkeeping coach. It is believed that a goalkeeping coach helps to maintain the [[form]] of the keeper. Other people prefer a 8 to 2 split between coaches.

Some users claim it is possible to have 11 coaches without seeing any ill effects, but many users have lost a week of training when trying this.

It is not always in a team's best interest to hire all the possible assistants. The effect of each additional assistant decreases fast. The effect of additional assistants most probably follows a square root dependence, just as economists do. Hence four assistants improve the training twice as much as only one assistant does, and 9 assistants improve the training three times as much ( sqrt(9) vs sqrt(4) vs sqrt(1) ).

Another model suggests that each additional assistant coach is worth 50% of the previous. If that is the case then you get something like this:

1 = 100%
2 = 50%
3 = 25%
4 = 12.5%
5 = 6.25%
6 = 3.125%
7 = 1.5625%
8 = 0.78125%
9 = 0.390625%
10 = 0.1953125%

Example: Having 5 GK coaches instead of 10 will slow GK training all the way from solid to divine by 1 week only. This is approximately 2 years of real time!
To get that one week advantage, it will cost you: 104 weeks * 5 assistants * 1500â¬ every week = â¬780.000

New clubs and clubs in financial difficulty should always bear this in mind when trying to make savings.

* For more information, see: [[Staff]]

=== Training intensity ===
Most team managers agree it is best to train at 100% intensity. The benefits are clear in that skills increase more quickly, and there is also the likelihood of better [[form]].

Unfortunately, there is also an increased chance of [[injury]].

== When to cash in ==
{{Based_on_opinion}}

In most cases [[transfers|selling]] trainees at age 21 is the best way to maximise profit. Once a player hits 21 years old, he begins to train at a noticeably slower rate compared to a younger player.

With particularly high skilled players, especially [[National Teams|National Team]] players, training can be taken on further, but in general the financial returns decrease beyond the age of 21.

It is also worth noting it is possible to overtrain a player, and make him unsustainable in the long run due to the extremely high [[wages]]. The recent market deflation also makes selling unprofitable after 21.

== Advanced training ==

* [[Skill trading]] - Primarily refers to buying players believed to be close to "popping", ideally within one to two weeks, benefiting from market inefficiency in valuing partially trained players. This approach is difficult with any skill other than goalkeeping, due to the inexact correspondence of [[TSI]] to player skills.

* [[Osmosis training]] - Up to global season 34, every player in a team got at least a bit of training, even if they didn't play at all. Many teams profited from this by buying a lot of players (up to 50) and waiting for a pop in a few weeks while doing nothing. But from season 35 every player needs to play at least once in a week to get the minimum training, effectively decreasing the profitability of this technique.

But it could be that the goal of maximizing profit is a goal that does not optimise the team over time. Some users believe it is better to develop your own players to advance in the series system, rather than to optimise economical goals. It is after all a football manager game!

== Individual training instruction ==
On the 3rd of July 2008, Hattrick announced that Individual training instruction was available. This means you may exclude up to three players from getting any training (except Stamina) at all from playing a game. The main point of this feature is to avoid paying excessive salaries for players that are already very highly skilled. You access this feature from your Training page.

Individual training has a very different meaning in a [[Youth Academy]]. If Individual training is selected, each player randomly gets a small boost to a relevant skill, eg- keepers will increase keeper, defense or set pieces, while a midfielder will increase playmaking, passing, defense or set pieces. The owner has no control over which skill gets chosen, though, and a skill that is already capped may get picked, resulting in no training for that player. Individual training is rarely used as result of this random factor and the extremely slow speed at which it operates.

== See also ==
[[HTs_on_Global/Training]]

== External Links ==

* [http://trainingspeed.freehostia.com/ Hattrick training speed calculator]
* [http://bobymoore.blogsome.com/category/tips/tips-training/ bobymoore's blog advanced articles on competitive training]
* [http://www.flattermann.net/downloads MS Excel table to predict the skillup length (TrainingspeedFormula.xls)] by [[User:flattermann|flattermann]]

[[Category:Training|*]]

Training

2008-12-17T00:52:21Z

DronrAcmon: rolcodelm

getriccna
{{Interwiki/Training}}

== Importance of training ==

'''Training''' is one of the most important aspects of a successful [[team]] in Hattrick. By concentrating on training just one [[skills|skill]] for a number of seasons a team can take medium skilled, young [[players]] and train them up to become superstars, who can then be sold for a profit or kept in the team, thus improving the team and helping the team to eventually win [[promotion]].

But the monetary side is only one side of the coin. Each training type also has associated other benefits and disadvantages. For example a playmaking trainer can't train his players efficiently in the later [[cup]] rounds and a goalkeeper trainer is not limited to specific [[formations]].

== Choosing trainees ==

Choosing the correct players to train is a balancing act. There are four factors to consider.
* Main skill ([[goalkeeping]], [[defending]], [[playmaking]], [[winger]] or [[scoring]])
* Age
* Secondary skills, related to the main skill
* Price

There is little to be gained from training players that are not at least [[Denominations#Player_abilities_etc|passable]] in their main skill. For new teams 17 year olds with at least Passable main skill should be considered.
Training a player who is passable or solid in primary skill is not as profitable as training higher skills, but lower skilled players cost considerably less to purchase.
To get some ideas of the cost and profit from various skill increases see
[http://www.lokesoftware.dk/ham/hamtpestats.cfm?Skill=1 HAM Transfer Price Evaluation].

As players age, they decrease in price, so buying slightly older players (e.g. 18 or 19 year olds) is often wise.

The better the secondary skills, the more you will pay to purchase the trainee, but the final selling price will also be higher.

== Training types ==
{{Based_on_research}}
In Hattrick, training takes place once a week. Typically only players who played on certain positions are fully trained depending on the skill you are training. If, for instance, [[forward]]s are being trained then only the players that played as a forward in one of the two games that week receive training. There are 12 types of training. Each have their own potential for generating profit or improving your team. ''Generally the training types that concentrate on one of the main skills ([[goalkeeping]], [[defending]], [[playmaking]], [[wing]]er, and [[scoring]]) are the most popular training types.''

To train the maximum number of players each week it is important to arrange [[friendlies]] where you play your trainees who did not play in the league match in the same week.

Brackets indicate small effects. Double brackets indicate very small effects
<TABLE>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#dddddd">
<TD>Training type</TD>
<TD>Improves</TD>
<TD>...for...</TD>
<TD>Training speed</TD>
<TD>Max players trained</TD>

<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Goalkeeping training|Goalkeeping]]</TD>
<TD>Goalkeeping</TD>
<TD>Goalkeepers </TD>
<TD>5 weeks</TD>
<TD>2</TD>

</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Defending training | Defending]]</TD>
<TD>Defending</TD>
<TD>Defenders, Wingbacks ((Others))</TD>
<TD>8 weeks</TD>
<TD>10</TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Playmaking training|Playmaking]]      </TD>
<TD>Playmaking</TD>
<TD>Inner midfielders (Wingers) ((Others))</TD>
<TD>6.5 weeks</TD>
<TD>6 (4)</TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Scoring training | Scoring]]</TD>
<TD>Scoring</TD>
<TD>Forwards ((others)) </TD>
<TD>6.5 weeks</TD>
<TD>6</TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Crossing (Winger)]]</TD>
<TD>Winger</TD>
<TD>Wingers (Wing backs) ((others))</TD>
<TD>5 weeks</TD>
<TD>4 (4)</TD>
</TR>
<TR valign="top" style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Defensive positions]]</TD>
<TD>Defending</TD>
<TD>(Defenders and midfielders) ((Others))</TD>
<TD>16 weeks</TD>
<TD>(20)</TD>

</TR>

<TR valign="top" style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD>[[Wing attacks]]</TD>
<TD>Winger</TD>
<TD>Forwards and wingers ((Others))</TD>
<TD>7 weeks</TD>
<TD>10</TD>

</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD rowspan=2>[[Shooting]]</TD>
<TD>(Scoring)</TD>
<TD>(Outfielders) ((Others))</TD>
<TD>14 weeks</TD>
<TD>(20+) </TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddffdd">
<TD style="background-color:#ffdddd">(Set pieces)</TD>
<TD>((All))</TD>
<TD>16 weeks</TD>
<TD>(22)</TD>
</TR>

<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ffdddd">
<TD>[[Short passes]]</TD>
<TD>Passing</TD>
<TD>Midfielders, wingers and forwards ((Others))</TD>
<TD>5.5 weeks</TD>
<TD>16</TD>

</TR>
<TR valign="top" style="background-color:#ffdddd">
<TD>[[Through passes]]</TD>
<TD>Passing</TD>
<TD>Defenders, midfielders and wingers ((Others))</TD>
<TD>6.5 weeks</TD>
<TD>20</TD>

</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ffdddd">
<TD>[[Set pieces training|Set pieces]]</TD>
<TD>Set pieces</TD>
<TD>All who played a game during the week</TD>
<TD>1-2 weeks</TD>
<TD>22</TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddddff">
<TD rowspan=2>[[General training | General]]</TD>
<TD>(Form)</TD>
<TD>(All who played a game during the week)</TD>
<TD>1 week</TD>
<TD>22</TD>
</TR>
<TR vAlign=top style="background-color:#ddddff">
<TD>(Goalkeeping)</TD>
<TD>((Goalkeepers))</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>

</TABLE>

Please note the 'Training Speed' numbers are based on 0% stamina training, 17 year old trainees, using a [[Denominations|solid]] coach, and 9 [[Assistant coach|assistants]].

A very rough rule is that for each year above 17 it takes one week longer to train a player than stated in the above table. A more accurate measurement is that training time increases by approximately 8% each year above 17 years of age.

Also note that these training speed values are given as an average, and can (and will) vary from player to player. This means, for example, that if the value presented for a given training is 7 weeks, some players will take 6, others 8, but if you look at a large number of players they should average at 7. This might be due to the fact that the player gets a part of the next level after a [[pop]]. When that happens he needs less time to pop again. For example: When the first pop ends up to solid and a very little bit (7,02) he needs more time to go to excellent than when his first pop gives him a bit more (7,12).

== Training efficiency factors ==
=== Effect of stamina training ===
The amount of training that you devote to [[stamina]] will cut into the amount of skill training accomplished each week. You will have to balance the amount of stamina training you need to maintain your preferred squad level (as well as any added stamina for trainees).

=== Effect of coach ===
To achieve the optimal training time requires a [[coach]] with solid coaching skills.
A coaching level below that lengthens training time. A general rule of thumb is one extra week for every level below solid, although this rule is not so accurate with the faster training types.

[[Denominations#Coach_skills_/_Form_/_Leadership|Excellent]] coaches train slightly faster than solid ones by roughly half a week but are generally seen as too expensive to be profitable in the long term.

=== Effect of player age ===
Young players train much faster than old players. To achieve the optimal training time, many managers prefer trainees between the ages of 17 and 20, with 17 or 18 the best age to start training. Clubs at higher series levels may prefer to train older players at a higher skill level in order to remain competitive in both the league and the cup.

Older players are much slower to train, and a good rule of thumb is one extra week for every year older than 17. More precisely, training becomes approx. 8% slower for every year above this (also called trainings speed depreciation).

'''NOTE''':Starting from global season 34, the influence of age on training speed was decreased. So now the training speed depreciation should be less than 8%, altough the actual value is still unknown.

Certain training types — namely set pieces and general — do not depreciate in training speed, no matter what age the player is.

As a player reaches 27 his abilities may start to decrease. This process doesn't occur constantly, and there is no guarantee it will happen at all. Typically, very small decreases occur for players around 30, considerably larger leaps for players around 35. For some reason, these decreases in abilities always surface on Mondays. Certain skills are harder to maintain as players grow older — scoring ability is the hardest to maintain, whilst goalkeeping is the easiest.

=== Effect of assistants ===
[[Assistant coach]]es also help with training. A team may only have 10 of any one type of [[staff]]. However assistant coaches and [[goalkeeping coach]]es are treated as one type, so a team may only have a combined total of 10 coaches. Typically non-goalkeeping training teams employ 9 assistant coaches and 1 goalkeeping coach. It is believed that a goalkeeping coach helps to maintain the [[form]] of the keeper. Other people prefer a 8 to 2 split between coaches.

Some users claim it is possible to have 11 coaches without seeing any ill effects, but many users have lost a week of training when trying this.

It is not always in a teams best interest to hire all the possible assistants. The effect of each additional assistant decreases fast. The effect of additional assistants most probably follows a sqare root dependence, just as economists do. Hence four assistants improve the training twice as much as only one assistant does, and 9 assistants improve the training three times as much ( sqrt(9) vs sqrt(4) vs sqrt(1) ).

Another model suggests that each additional assistant coach is worth 50% of the previous. If that is the case then you get something like this:

1 = 100%
2 = 50%
3 = 25%
4 = 12.5%
5 = 6.25%
6 = 3.125%
7 = 1.5625%
8 = 0.78125%
9 = 0.390625%
10 = 0.1953125%

Example: Having 5 GK coaches instead of 10 will slow GK training all the way from solid to divine by 1 week only. This is approximately 2 years of real time!
To get that one week advantage, it will cost you: 104 weeks * 5 assistants * 1500â¬ every week = â¬780.000

New clubs and clubs in financial difficulty should always bear this in mind when trying to make savings.

* For more information, see: [[Staff]]

=== Training intensity ===
Most team managers agree it is best to train at 100% intensity. The benefits are clear in that skills increase more quickly, and there is also the likelihood of better [[form]].

Unfortunately, there is also an increased chance of [[injury]].

== When to cash in ==
{{Based_on_opinion}}

In most cases [[transfers|selling]] trainees at age 21 is the best way to maximise profit. Once a player hits 21 years old, he begins to train at a noticeably slower rate compared to a younger player.

With particularly high skilled players, especially [[National Teams|National Team]] players, training can be taken on further, but in general the financial returns decrease beyond the age of 21.

It is also worth noting it is possible to overtrain a player, and make him unsustainable in the long run due to the extremely high [[wages]]. The recent market deflation also makes selling unprofitable after 21.

== Advanced training ==

* [[Skill trading]] - Primarily refers to buying players believed to be close to "popping", ideally within one to two weeks, benefiting from market inefficiency in valuing partially trained players. This approach is difficult with any skill other than goalkeeping, due to the inexact correspondence of [[TSI]] to player skills.

* [[Osmosis training]] - Up to global season 34, every player in a team got at least a bit of training, even if they didn't play at all. Many teams profited from this buying lot of players (up to 50) and waiting for a pop in a few weeks while doing nothing. But from season 35 every player needs to play at least once in a week to get the minimum training, effectively decreasing the profitability of this technique.

But it could be that the goal of maximizing profit is a goal that does not optimise the team over time. Some users believes it is better to develop your own players to advance in the series system, rather than to optimise economical goals. It is after all a football manager game!

== Individual training instruction ==
On the 3rd of July 2008, Hattrick announced that Individual training instruction was available. This means you may exclude up to three players from getting any training (except Stamina) at all from playing a game. The main point of this feature is to avoid paying excessive salaries for players that are already very highly skilled. You access this feature from your Training page.

== See also ==
[[HTs_on_Global/Training]]

== External Links ==

* [http://bobymoore.blogsome.com/category/tips/tips-training/ bobymoore's blog advanced articles on competitive training]

[[Category:Training|*]]