2011-05-08T12:12:31Z

Smoldo:

{{Geobox | Region

| name = Nitra
| category = Region

| image =
| image_caption =

| flag = Nitriansky_vlajka.svg
| symbol =
| symbol_type =

| etymology =
| official_name =
| motto =
| nickname =

| country = Slovakia
| country_flag = 1
| state =
| region =
| district =
| commune =
| municipality =

| border =
| part_type = Districts
| part_fold = 1
| part = [[Komárno District|Komárno]]
| part1 = [[Levice District|Levice]]
| part2 = [[Nitra District|Nitra]]
| part3 = [[Nové Zámky District|Nové Zámky]]
| part4 = [[Šaľa District|Šaľa]]
| part5 = [[Topoľčany District|Topoľčany]]
| part6 = [[Zlaté Moravce District|Zlaté Moravce]]
| city =
| landmark =
| river =

| capital = Nitra
| capital_type = Seat
| capital_elevation = 190
| capital_lat_d = 48
| capital_lat_m = 18
| capital_lat_s = 25
| capital_lat_NS = N
| capital_long_d = 18
| capital_long_m = 05
| capital_long_s = 11
| capital_long_EW = E
| highest = [[Veľký Inovec]]
| highest_elevation = 901
| highest_lat_d =
| highest_long_d =
| lowest = [[Danube]] near [[Chľaba]]
| lowest_elevation = 102
| lowest_lat_d =
| lowest_long_d =

| area = 6343.4
| area_round = 1

| population = 706375
| population_date = 2008-12-31
| population_density = auto

| government =
| government_lat_d =
| government_long_d =
| leader =
| leader_type =

| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| postal_code =
| area_code =
| code =

| free =

| map =
| map_background =
| map_caption =
| map_locator =

| commons =
| statistics = [http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/uroven.jsp?txtUroven=320400 MOŠ/MIS]
| website = [http://www.unsk.sk/ www.unsk.sk]

| footnotes =
}}

[[Image:Nitrakrajloc.png|right|thumb|250px|Nitra Region]]

The '''Nitra Region''' ({{lang-sk|Nitriansky [[kraj]]}}) is one of the administrative regions of [[Slovakia]].

==Geography==
This region with a long history is situated in the southwest of Slovakia, mostly in the eastern part of the [[Danubian Lowland]]. It is divided into two sub-units: the [[Danubian Flat]] in the south-west, with eastern part of the [[Žitný ostrov]] island, and the [[Danubian Hills]] in the north, centre and east. Mountain ranges reaching into the region are: [[Považský Inovec]] in the north-west, where the region's highest point, [[Veľký Inovec]], is located, [[Tribeč]] in the north from Nitra, [[Pohronský Inovec]] in the north-east and [[Štiavnické vrchy]] in the east. Major rivers are the [[Danube]] in the south, [[Váh]] in the south-west, [[Nitra River|Nitra]] in the western-central part, [[Hron]] in the east and [[Ipeľ]] in the south-east. As for administrative divisions, the region borders [[Trenčín Region]] in the north, [[Banská Bystrica Region]] in the east, Hungarian [[Pest (county)|Pest]] in the south-east, [[Komárom-Esztergom]] in the south, and [[Győr-Moson-Sopron]] county in the south-west and [[Trnava Region]] in the west.

==Demographics==
The population density in the region is 113 inhabitants per km², which is very similar to the country's average (110 per km²). The largest towns are [[Nitra]], [[Komárno]], [[Nové Zámky]] and [[Levice]]. According to the 2001 census, there were 713,422 inhabitants in the region, with a majority of [[Slovaks]] (68.3%), but there is a numerous [[Hungarian people|Hungarian]] minority (27.6%) in the southern districts, forming a majority in the [[Komárno District]] (72%) and there are small minorities of [[Czechs]] and [[Romani people|Roma]] (<1%).<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20061129153653/http://www.statistics.sk/webdata/english/census2001/tab/tab3a.htm POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS 2001 - Tab. 3a]</ref>

==Economy and climate==
The city of [[Nitra]] is also the centre of whole region. The region - which is the warmest in Slovakia - reaches a high production of [[wheat]], [[rye]] and [[vegetables]]. Significant industries are: the food industry, with breweries in [[Topoľčany]], [[Nitra]] and [[Hurbanovo]], are machinery (fridges in [[Zlaté Moravce]], shipyards in [[Komárno]]) and energy ([[Mochovce Nuclear Power Plant]]).

==List of districts==
*[[Komárno District]]
*[[Levice District]]
*[[Nitra District]]
*[[Nové Zámky District]]
*[[Topoľčany District]]
*[[Šaľa District]]
*[[Zlaté Moravce District]]

==List of municipalities and towns==
There are 350 municipalities, of which 15 are towns (in bold)
<div style="float:left;width:33%;">
*[[Alekšince]]
*[[Andovce]]
*[[Ardanovce]]
*[[Báb, Nitra District|Báb]]
*[[Babindol]]
*[[Bádice]]
*[[Bajč]]
*[[Bajka]]
*[[Bajtava]]
*[[Bánov]]
*[[Bardoňovo]]
*[[Bátorove Kosihy]]
*[[Bátovce]]
*[[Belá, Nové Zámky District|Belá]]
*[[Beladice]]
*[[Belince]]
*[[Beša, Levice District|Beša]]
*[[Bešeňov]]
*[[Bielovce]]
*[[Bíňa]]
*[[Biskupová]]
*[[Blesovce]]
*[[Bodza]]
*[[Bodzianske Lúky]]
*[[Bohunice, Levice District|Bohunice]]
*[[Bojná]]
*[[Bory, Levice District|Bory]]
*[[Branč]]
*[[Branovo]]
*[[Brestovec, Komárno District|Brestovec]]
*[[Brhlovce]]
*[[Bruty]]
*[[Búč]]
*[[Cabaj-Čápor]]
*[[Čab]]
*[[Čajkov]]
*[[Čaka]]
*[[Čakajovce]]
*[[Čalovec]]
*[[Čaradice]]
*[[Čata]]
*[[Čechy]]
*[[Čechynce]]
*[[Čeľadice]]
*[[Čeľadince]]
*[[Čermany]]
*[[Černík]]
*[[Červený Hrádok]]
*[[Číčov]]
*[[Čierne Kľačany]]
*[[Čifáre]]
*[[Dedina Mládeže]]
*[[Dedinka]]
*[[Demandice]]
*[[Devičany]]
*[[Diakovce]]
*[[Dlhá nad Váhom]]
*[[Dolná Seč]]
*[[Dolné Lefantovce]]
*[[Dolné Obdokovce]]
*[[Dolné Semerovce]]
*[[Dolný Ohaj]]
*[[Dolný Pial]]
*[[Domadice]]
*[[Drženice]]
*[[Dubník]]
*[[Dulovce]]
*[[Dvorany nad Nitrou]]
*[[Dvory nad Žitavou]]
*[[Farná]]
*[[Gbelce]]
*[[Golianovo]]
*[[Hajná Nová Ves]]
*[[Hájske]]
*[[Hokovce]]
*[[Holiare]]
*[[Hontianska Vrbica]]
*[[Hontianske Trsťany]]
*[[Horná Kráľová]]
*[[Horná Seč]]
*[[Horné Chlebany]]
*[[Horné Lefantovce]]
*[[Horné Obdokovce]]
*[[Horné Semerovce]]
*[[Horné Štitáre]]
*[[Horné Turovce]]
*[[Horný Pial]]
*[[Hostie]]
*[[Hosťová]]
*[[Hosťovce, Zlaté Moravce District|Hosťovce]]
*[[Hrkovce]]
*[[Hronovce]]
*[[Hronské Kľačany]]
*[[Hronské Kosihy]]
*[[Hruboňovo]]
*[[Hrušovany, Topoľčany District|Hrušovany]]
*[[Hul, Nové Zámky District|Hul]]
*'''[[Hurbanovo]]'''
*[[Chľaba]]
*[[Choča]]
*[[Chotín]]
*[[Chrabrany]]
*[[Imeľ]]
*[[Iňa]]
*[[Ipeľské Úľany]]
*[[Ipeľský Sokolec]]
*[[Ivanka pri Nitre]]
*[[Iža]]
*[[Jabloňovce]]
*[[Jacovce]]
*[[Jarok]]
*[[Jasová]]
*[[Jatov]]
*[[Jedľové Kostoľany]]
*[[Jelenec]]
*[[Jelšovce]]
*[[Jesenské, Levice District|Jesenské]]
*[[Jur nad Hronom]]
</div><div style="float:left;width:33%;">
*[[Kalná nad Hronom]]
*[[Kamanová]]
*[[Kamenica nad Hronom]]
*[[Kameničná]]
*[[Kamenín]]
*[[Kamenný Most]]
*[[Kapince]]
*[[Keť]]
*[[Klasov]]
*[[Klížska Nemá]]
*[[Kmeťovo]]
*'''[[Kolárovo]]'''
*[[Kolíňany]]
*[[Kolta]]
*'''[[Komárno]]'''
*[[Komjatice]]
*[[Komoča]]
*[[Koniarovce]]
*[[Kostoľany pod Tribečom]]
*[[Kovarce]]
*[[Kozárovce]]
*[[Kráľová nad Váhom]]
*[[Kravany nad Dunajom]]
*[[Krnča]]
*[[Krškany]]
*[[Krtovce]]
*[[Krušovce]]
*[[Kubáňovo]]
*[[Kukučínov]]
*[[Kuraľany]]
*[[Kuzmice, Topoľčany District|Kuzmice]]
*[[Ladice]]
*[[Lehota]]
*[[Leľa]]
*'''[[Levice]]'''
*[[Lipová]]
*[[Lipové]]
*[[Lipovník, Topoľčany District|Lipovník]]
*[[Lok, Levice District|Lok]]
*[[Lontov]]
*[[Lovce]]
*[[Ľubá]]
*[[Lúčnica nad Žitavou]]
*[[Ludanice]]
*[[Ľudovítová]]
*[[Lukáčovce]]
*[[Lula, Levice District|Lula]]
*[[Lužany]]
*[[Lužianky]]
*[[Machulince]]
*[[Malá nad Hronom]]
*[[Málaš]]
*[[Malé Chyndice]]
*[[Malé Kosihy]]
*[[Malé Kozmálovce]]
*[[Malé Ludince]]
*[[Malé Ripňany]]
*[[Malé Vozokany]]
*[[Malé Zálužie]]
*[[Malý Cetín]]
*[[Malý Lapáš]]
*[[Maňa]]
*[[Mankovce]]
*[[Marcelová]]
*[[Martin nad Žitavou]]
*[[Martovce]]
*[[Melek]]
*[[Michal nad Žitavou]]
*[[Moča]]
*[[Močenok]]
*[[Modrany]]
*[[Mojmírovce]]
*[[Mojzesovo]]
*[[Mudroňovo]]
*[[Mužla]]
*[[Mýtne Ludany]]
*[[Nána, Slovakia|Nána]]
*[[Neded]]
*[[Nemčice]]
*[[Nemčiňany]]
*[[Nemečky]]
*[[Nesvady]]
*[[Neverice]]
*[[Nevidzany, Zlaté Moravce District|Nevidzany]]
*'''[[Nitra]]'''
*[[Nitrianska Blatnica]]
*[[Nitrianska Streda]]
*[[Nitrianske Hrnčiarovce]]
*[[Norovce]]
*[[Nová Dedina]]
*[[Nová Ves nad Žitavou]]
*[[Nová Vieska]]
*[[Nové Sady]]
*'''[[Nové Zámky]]'''
*[[Nový Tekov]]
*[[Nýrovce]]
*[[Obid]]
*[[Obyce]]
*[[Okoličná na Ostrove]]
*[[Ondrejovce]]
*[[Oponice]]
*[[Orešany]]
*[[Palárikovo]]
*[[Paňa]]
*[[Pastovce]]
*[[Patince]]
*[[Pavlová]]
*[[Pečenice]]
*[[Plášťovce]]
*[[Plavé Vozokany]]
*[[Podhájska]]
*[[Podhorany, Nitra District|Podhorany]]
*[[Podhradie, Topoľčany District|Podhradie]]
*[[Podlužany, Levice District|Podlužany]]
*[[Pohranice]]
*[[Pohronský Ruskov]]
*[[Poľný Kesov]]
*[[Pozba]]
</div><div style="float:left;width:33%;">
*[[Prašice]]
*[[Práznovce]]
*[[Preseľany]]
*[[Pribeta]]
*[[Pukanec]]
*[[Radava]]
*[[Radošina]]
*[[Radvaň nad Dunajom]]
*[[Rajčany]]
*[[Rastislavice]]
*[[Rišňovce]]
*[[Rúbaň]]
*[[Rumanová]]
*[[Rybník, Levice District|Rybník]]
*[[Salka]]
*[[Santovka]]
*[[Sazdice]]
*[[Selice]]
*[[Semerovo]]
*[[Sikenica]]
*[[Sikenička]]
*[[Skýcov]]
*[[Slatina, Levice District|Slatina]]
*[[Sľažany]]
*[[Slepčany]]
*[[Sokolce]]
*[[Solčany]]
*[[Solčianky]]
*[[Starý Hrádok]]
*[[Starý Tekov]]
*[[Strekov]]
*[[Súlovce]]
*[[Svätoplukovo]]
*[[Svätý Peter]]
*[[Svodín]]
*[[Svrbice]]
*'''[[Šahy]]'''
*'''[[Šaľa]]'''
*[[Šalgovce]]
*[[Šalov]]
*[[Šarkan]]
*[[Šarovce]]
*[[Šrobárová]]
*[[Štefanovičová]]
*[[Štitáre]]
*'''[[Štúrovo]]'''
*'''[[Šurany]]'''
*[[Šurianky]]
*[[Tajná]]
*[[Tehla]]
*[[Tekovské Lužany]]
*[[Tekovské Nemce]]
*[[Tekovský Hrádok]]
*[[Telince]]
*[[Tesáre]]
*[[Tesárske Mlyňany]]
*[[Tešedíkovo]]
*'''[[Tlmače]]'''
*'''[[Topoľčany]]'''
*[[Topoľčianky]]
*[[Tovarníky]]
*[[Tôň]]
*[[Trávnica]]
*[[Trávnik]]
*[[Trnovec nad Váhom]]
*[[Tupá]]
*[[Turá]]
*[[Tvrdomestice]]
*[[Tvrdošovce]]
*[[Uhliská]]
*[[Úľany nad Žitavou]]
*[[Urmince]]
*[[Velčice]]
*[[Veľká Dolina]]
*[[Veľké Dvorany]]
*[[Veľké Chyndice]]
*[[Veľké Kosihy]]
*[[Veľké Kozmálovce]]
*[[Veľké Lovce]]
*[[Veľké Ludince]]
*[[Veľké Ripňany]]
*[[Veľké Turovce]]
*[[Veľké Vozokany]]
*[[Veľké Zálužie]]
*[[Veľký Cetín]]
*[[Veľký Ďur]]
*[[Veľký Kýr]]
*[[Veľký Lapáš]]
*[[Velušovce]]
*[[Vieska nad Žitavou]]
*[[Vinodol, Nitra|Vinodol]]
*[[Virt]]
*[[Vlčany]]
*[[Vlkas]]
*[[Volkovce]]
*[[Vozokany, Topoľčany District|Vozokany]]
*'''[[Vráble]]'''
*[[Vrbová nad Váhom]]
*[[Výčapy-Opatovce]]
*[[Vyškovce nad Ipľom]]
*[[Vyšné nad Hronom]]
*[[Zalaba]]
*[[Závada, Topoľčany District|Závada]]
*[[Zbehy]]
*[[Zbrojníky]]
*[[Zemianska Olča]]
*[[Zemné]]
*'''[[Zlaté Moravce]]'''
*[[Zlatná na Ostrove]]
*[[Zlatno, Zlaté Moravce District|Zlatno]]
*'''[[Želiezovce]]'''
*[[Žemberovce]]
*[[Žemliare]]
*[[Žihárec]]
*[[Žikava]]
*[[Žirany]]
*[[Žitavany]]
*[[Žitavce]]
</div>{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{Cite book
| last = Kopa
| first = Ľudovít et al.
| title = The Encyclopaedia of Slovakia and the Slovaks
| edition =
| year = 2006
| publisher = [http://www.encyclopaedia.sk/english.htm Encyclopaedic Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences]
| location = Bratislava, Slovakia
| isbn = 80-224-0925-1
}}

==External links==
*[http://www.unsk.sk/ Nitriansky samosprávny kraj] Official website

{{Regions of Slovakia}}

[[Category:Regions of Slovakia]]
[[Category:Nitra Region| ]]

[[ar:إقليم نيترا]]
[[be:Нітранскі край]]
[[be-x-old:Нітранскі край]]
[[bs:Nitra (regija)]]
[[br:Rannvro Nitra]]
[[bg:Нитрански край]]
[[ca:Regió de Nitra]]
[[cs:Nitranský kraj]]
[[da:Nitra (region)]]
[[de:Nitriansky kraj]]
[[et:Nitra maakond]]
[[es:Región de Nitra]]
[[eo:Regiono Nitra]]
[[fr:Région de Nitra]]
[[hr:Nitriansky kraj]]
[[id:Region Nitra]]
[[it:Regione di Nitra]]
[[la:Nitria (regio)]]
[[lt:Nitros kraštas]]
[[hu:Nyitrai kerület]]
[[ms:Daerah Nitra]]
[[nl:Nitra (regio)]]
[[ja:ニトラ州]]
[[no:Nitra (region)]]
[[oc:Nitra (region)]]
[[pl:Kraj nitrzański]]
[[pt:Nitra (região)]]
[[ro:Regiunea Nitra]]
[[ru:Нитранский край]]
[[rue:Нїтряньскый край]]
[[sk:Nitriansky kraj]]
[[sr:Њитрански крај]]
[[sh:Njitranski kraj]]
[[fi:Nitran alue]]
[[sv:Nitra (region)]]
[[uk:Нітранський край]]
[[war:Nitra (rehiyon)]]
[[zh:尼特拉州]]

Nitra

2011-05-08T12:11:12Z

Smoldo:

:''If you were looking for a chemical, see [[nitre]] or [[nitro]].''
{{Geobox
|Settlement

| name = Nitra
| category = City

| image = Nitra view from above.jpg
| image_caption =

| flag =
| symbol = Nitra CoA.svg
| symbol_type = Coat of arms

| etymology =
| official_name =
| motto =
| nickname =

| country = Slovakia
| country_flag = 1
| state =
| region = [[Nitra Region|Nitra]]
| district = [[Nitra District|Nitra]]
| commune =
| municipality =

| part =
| river = Nitra River

| location =
| elevation = 190
| lat_d = 48
| lat_m = 18
| lat_s = 25
| lat_NS = N
| long_d = 18
| long_m = 05
| long_s = 11
| long_EW = E
| coordinates_type =
| highest =
| highest_elevation = 587
| highest_lat_d =
| highest_long_d =
| lowest =
| lowest_elevation = 138
| lowest_lat_d =
| lowest_long_d =

| area = 100.48
| area_round = 2

| population = 84800
| population_date = 2006-12-31
| population_density = auto

| established = 828
| established_type = First mentioned
| mayor = Jozef Dvonč

| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| postal_code = 949 01
| area_code = +421-37
| code = NR
| code_type = [[Slovak car registration plates|Car plate]]

| free =

| map = Slovakia - outline map.svg
| map_background = Slovakia - background map.png
| map_caption = Location in Slovakia
| map_locator = Slovakia
| map1 = Nitra Region - outline map.svg
| map1_background = Nitra Region - background map.png
| map1_caption = Location the Nitra Region
| map1_locator = Nitra Region
| map1_size = 192

| commons = Nitra
| statistics = [http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/prvav2.jsp?txtUroven=420403&lstObec=500011&Okruh=zaklad MOŠ/MIS]
| website = [http://www.nitra.sk www.nitra.sk]

| footnotes =
 }}

'''Nitra''' ({{Audio|Nitra.ogg|pronunciation}}; {{lang-de|Neutra}} ({{Audio|De-Neutra.ogg|pronunciation}}); {{lang-hu|Nyitra}} / ''Nyitria'' [archaic]) is a city in western [[Slovakia]], situated at the foot of [[Zobor]] Mountain in the valley of the river [[Nitra (river)|Nitra]]. With a population of about 83,572, it is the fifth largest city in Slovakia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1263145063&men=gcis&lng=en&des=gamelan&geo=-194&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=x&srt=pnan |title=The largest cities in Slovakia |publisher=world-gazeteer.com }}</ref> Nitra is also one of the oldest cities in Slovakia and the country's earliest political and cultural center. Today, it is a seat of a ''[[Regions of Slovakia|kraj]]'' ([[Nitra Region]]) and an ''[[Districts of Slovakia|okres]]'' ([[Nitra District]]).

==Origin of the name==

The first mention of Nitra dates back to 880 (other variations: 826 as Nitrawa, 880 as Nitra, and in 1111/1113 as Nitra, Nitria). The name of the city is derived from the [[Nitra River|river Nitra]]. The name originates in the [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] word ''Nitrahwa''. In the [[Indo-European languages|indoeuropean languages]] ''Nid'' means ''flow'' while ''ahwa'' means ''water''.

==History==
Inhabited for 6,000 years,<ref>[http://eng.nitra.sk/?id_menu=5654&firmy_slovenska_flag=0 History of Nitra from the municipal website]</ref> Nitra has been a city of extraordinary historic importance. A large [[Celt]]ic settlement was founded in the 4th century BCE in the locality Martinský vrch. Nitra is later (396 CE) mentioned in connection to the Germanic tribe of [[Quadi]], as their possible capital.

The first [[Slavic peoples|Slavs]] arrived in the 5th century. Nitra became the capital of the [[Principality of Nitra]], the oldest known independent state in the present-day Slovakia. The first known Christian church built by the Western or Eastern Slavs was consecrated in 828 at the seat of the ruling prince [[Pribina]], and in the same year the town was first mentioned as ''Nitrawa''.<ref>Lacika, "Nitra and its environs", p. 21</ref> In 833, Pribina was ousted from Nitra by the Moravian prince [[Mojmír I]] and both principalities were united into the early medieval empire of [[Great Moravia]]. The Principality of Nitra was usually given to the heir of the Great Moravian throne as an appanage. But the practice eventually threatened unity of Great Moravia. Using rich resources of Nitra, both Prince [[Svatopluk I|Svätopluk I]] and Prince [[Svatopluk II|Svätopluk II]] revolted against their formal sovereigns. The level of autonomy they enjoyed was considerable, as documented by the Papal correspondence, addressing Svätopluk I of Nitra in the same way as two contemporaneous rulers of independent countries ([[Rastislav]] of Great Moravia, and [[Koceľ]] of the [[Balaton Principality]]).

The city reached its height during the reign of Svätopluk I, who was the prince of Nitra from the 850s to 871 and then the king of Great Moravia until 894. The first known Christian [[Diocese|bishopric]] in Slovakia was established in Nitra in 880 (with [[Wiching]] as the bishop) and the first monastery in Slovakia was built on the Zobor Mountain during 880–881. During Svätopluk's rule, Nitra consisted of five large fortified settlements and twenty specialized craftsmen's villages, making it a real metropolis of its times. Several churches, for example in the [[Nitra Castle]], Párovce, Nitrianska Blatnica, Lupka, Zobor, and [[Kostoľany pod Tribečom]] existed in and around today's Nitra during the 9th and 10th centuries. Located beyond the city limits are the Great Moravian settlements of Chrenová, Lupka, [[Branč]], [[Vráble]] and [[Zlaté Moravce]].

After the break-up of Great Moravia in 906/907, Nitra was ruled by Üllö(Jelekh), the son of [[Árpád]].<ref>Július Bartl, Slovak history: chronology & lexicon, Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 2002, p. 23; [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3orG2yZ9mBkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Slovak+history:+chronology+%26+lexicon&hl=en&ei=qJ3STMu4EcWOswbotYn9DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Nitra%20was%20ruled&f=false Google Books]</ref> The Great Moravian appanage system was adopted by the [[Árpád dynasty]] of the newly established [[Kingdom of Hungary]]. As with much of the present-day Slovakia, Nitra was conquered by the Polish king [[Boleslaus I of Poland|Boleslaus I]] in 1003 or 1015 and stayed as part of Poland until 1018.<ref name='Makk'>{{cite book | last = Makk | first = Ferenc | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Magyar külpolitika (896-1196) ''("The Hungarian External Politics (896-1196)")''| publisher = Szegedi Középkorász Műhely | year = 1993 | location = Szeged | pages = 48–49 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 963 04 2913 6}}</ref> As the seat of heir of the dynasty, Nitra kept its autonomous status until 1108. Even after the abolishment of the principality, Nitra remained the capital of the [[Nyitra county|Nitra county]] and a seat of a bishop (since 1110). The town survived the [[Battle of Mohi|invasion of Mongols]] in 1241. In 1248, [[Béla IV of Hungary|Béla IV]] gave Nitra the privileges of a free royal town. However, the privileges lasted only for 40 years and became a landlord's town. During the course of time, Nitra was controlled by [[Matthew Csák]] in the early 14th century, was affected by insurrections against [[Sigismund of Luxembourg]] and was a target of [[Hussite]] attacks in the 15th century.<ref>Lacika, "Nitra and its environs", pp. 31–32</ref> After the Hungarian defeat at the [[Battle of Mohács]] in 1526 and subsequent Ottoman advances into the Hungarian territory, Nitra was under threat of Ottoman attacks. They failed to capture the castle three times, before they conquered it in 1663, when the city became a center of the Litra [[sanjak]], which bounded to [[Nové Zámky|Uyvar]] eyalet. The town was reconquered in 1685.<ref>Lacika, "Nitra and its environs", pp. 33–35</ref> The town was also affected by anti-Habsburg uprisings, from [[Stephen Bocskay]] and [[Gabriel Bethlen]] uprisings in the 17th century to the [[Kuruc]] uprisings from 1703 to 1711, and the town burned down in 1708 as a result of fights.<ref>Lacika, "Nitra and its environs", pp. 34–36</ref> It was renovated in the 18th century in the [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] style. As a consequence of the [[Revolutions of 1848]], Nitra was awarded an independent self-government for the first time since 1288 and became independent from the [[Diocese of Nitra]] and its bishops.<ref>Lacika, "Nitra and its environs", p. 37</ref> Still an agricultural and handicraft town, Nitra started to industrialize. Until World War I, distillery, agricultural machines factory, brewery, dairy and other works were established. The first indirect connection to a railway was a road built in 1850 to the closest station in [[Trnovec nad Váhom]].<ref>Lacika, "Nitra and its environs", pp. 39–40</ref> The railway finally arrived to Nitra in 1876, when a connection from [[Šurany]] was built. Later, lines were built to [[Topoľčany]], [[Hlohovec]] and [[Nové Zámky]]. As a part of [[Magyarization]], from 1883 to 1919, Nitra was the seat of the Upper Hungarian Teaching Association (FEMKE), a government-sponsored association whose main goal was to apply Magyarization policies on Slovaks.{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}}

After [[World War I]] and disintegration of [[Austria-Hungary]], the [[Czechoslovak Legions]] occupied the town since 10 December 1918 to secure the rule of newly established [[Czechoslovakia]]. Nitra continued to be the seat of the Nitra county, until it was dissolved in 1928. After break-up of Czechoslovakia in 1939, Nitra became a part of the [[First Slovak Republic]] and once again a seat of Nitra county until 1945.
The period of the [[First Slovak Republic]] was tragic for the numerous Jewish population of Nitra, which was first victimized by the anti-Jewish law and then mostly exterminated in German concentration camps. The rest of Jews fled the city and country.
The city was liberated by the Soviet [[Red Army]] in 1945, for only three years of restored democracy in Czechoslovakia.
The Communist period from 1948 to 1989 was marked by oppression of Catholic church, which has traditionally strong presence in Nitra. Catholic seminaries, monasteries and other properties were nationalized and converted to museums, schools and offices. This period experienced the extensive growth, building the housing projects and annexing of formerly independent villages. After the [[Velvet Revolution]] of 1989 and [[dissolution of Czechoslovakia]], Nitra became part of newly established Slovakia and became a seat of the [[Nitra Region]] in 1996.

==Geography==
Nitra lies at an altitude of {{convert|190|m|ft|0}} [[above mean sea level|above sea level]] and covers an area of {{convert|100.48|km2|sqmi|1}}.<ref name="statistics">{{cite web | title = Municipal Statistics | publisher = Statistical Office of the Slovak republic | date = | url = http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html | accessdate = 2007-05-03 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070427022352/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html  |archivedate = 2007-04-27}}</ref> It is located in the [[Nitra River]] valley in the [[Danubian Lowland]], where the bigger part of the city is located. A smaller part is located at the southernmost reaches of the [[Tribeč]] mountains, more precisely at the foothill of the Zobor mountain (587 m). It is around half-way between Slovak capital [[Bratislava]], {{convert|92|km|mi|0}} away and central Slovak city of [[Banská Bystrica]], {{convert|118|km|mi|0}} away. Other towns in the surroundings include [[Trnava]] to the west (53 km), [[Topoľčany]] to the north (35 km), [[Levice]] to the east (42 km), and [[Nové Zámky]] (37 km) and [[Komárno]] (71 km) to the south. A national natural reservation called ''Zoborská lesostep'' is located within the city's boundaries.

===Climate===
Nitra lies in the [[Temperate|north temperate zone]] and has a [[continental climate]] with four distinct seasons. It is characterized by a significant variation between hot summers and cold, snowy winters. The city is located in the warmest and driest part of Slovakia.
{{-}}
{{Weather box
|location = Nitra
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 2
|Feb high C = 5
|Mar high C = 10
|Apr high C = 16
|May high C = 22
|Jun high C = 25
|Jul high C = 27
|Aug high C = 27
|Sep high C = 21
|Oct high C = 15
|Nov high C = 8
|Dec high C = 2
|Jan high F = 35
|Feb high F = 41
|Mar high F = 50
|Apr high F = 62
|May high F = 72
|Jun high F = 77
|Jul high F = 80
|Aug high F = 81
|Sep high F = 70
|Oct high F = 60
|Nov high F = 47
|Dec high F = 36
|Jan low C = -4
|Feb low C = -3
|Mar low C = 0
|Apr low C = 5
|May low C = 10
|Jun low C = 13
|Jul low C = 14
|Aug low C = 14
|Sep low C = 10
|Oct low C = 6
|Nov low C = 2
|Dec low C = -3
|Jan low F = 25
|Feb low F = 27
|Mar low F = 33
|Apr low F = 41
|May low F = 49
|Jun low F = 55
|Jul low F = 58
|Aug low F = 58
|Sep low F = 51
|Oct low F = 43
|Nov low F = 36
|Dec low F = 27
|Jan precipitation cm = 2.78
|Feb precipitation cm = 2.61
|Mar precipitation cm = 2.84
|Apr precipitation cm = 4.96
|May precipitation cm = 4.80
|Jun precipitation cm = 5.64
|Jul precipitation cm = 6.87
|Aug precipitation cm = 4.97
|Sep precipitation cm = 6.51
|Oct precipitation cm = 3.95
|Nov precipitation cm = 4.70
|Dec precipitation cm = 3.28
|Jan precipitation inch = 1.09
|Feb precipitation inch = 1.03
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.12
|Apr precipitation inch = 1.95
|May precipitation inch = 1.89
|Jun precipitation inch = 2.22
|Jul precipitation inch = 2.70
|Aug precipitation inch = 1.96
|Sep precipitation inch = 2.56
|Oct precipitation inch = 1.56
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.85
|Dec precipitation inch = 1.29
|source 1 = MSN Weather<ref name=msn>{{cite web
| url = http://weather.msn.com/monthly_averages.aspx?&wealocations=wc%3a23446&setunit=C | title = Monthly Averages for Nitra, Slovakia | accessdate = 21 January 2008
| publisher = MSN }}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}

==Demographics==
[[File:View from Castle.JPG|thumb|right|View from the south side of Nitra Castle (in focus 3 church steeples)]]
Nitra has a population of 85,172 (as of December 31, 2005). According to the 2001 [[census]], 95.4% of inhabitants were [[Slovaks]], 1.7% [[Hungarians]], 0.9% [[Czechs]], and 0.4%
[[Roma (Romani subgroup)|Roma]]. The religious make-up was 74.2% [[Roman Catholics]], 17.2% people with no religious affiliation, and 2.8% [[Lutherans]].<ref name="statistics"/>

The demographics changed dramatically during the 20th century; in 1910, from total population of 16 419: 9754 were Hungarians, 4929 Slovaks and 1636 Germans - Jews are hidden under these nationalities, estimated one quarter of total population. In 1940, Nitra was home to 4358 Jews.<ref>[http://www.slovak-jewish-heritage.org/nitra-synagogue.html Slovak Jewish Heritage], a NGO web page</ref>

==Economy==
Nitra is the seat of the Nitra Region, which is an agricultural region. Food (brewery), mechanical and furniture industries are based in the city.<ref name='urbanaudit'>{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanaudit.org/CityProfiles.aspx |title=Urban Audit |accessdate=2007-12-14}}</ref> [[Gross domestic product|GDP per capita]] in 2001 was [[Euro|€]]3,643, which was below Slovakia's average (€4,400).<ref name='urbanaudit'/>

The city plans to have in 2008 a balanced budget of 1.1 billion [[Slovak koruna]]s (almost €34 million as of March 2008).<ref name="budget">{{cite web|url=http://www.msunitra.sk/download_file_f.php?id=34979|title=Rozpočet mesta Nitry na rok 2008 v programovej štruktúre|accessdate=2008-03-23|format=doc|publisher=Mestský úrad Nitra|language=Slovak}}</ref>

The airline [[Aero Slovakia]] has its head office on the grounds of [[Nitra Airport]] in Nitra.<ref>"[http://www.aeroslovakia.sk/en/ About]." [[Aero Slovakia]]. Retrieved on 3 March 2010.</ref>

==Main sights==
[[File:Grand Seminary.JPG|thumb|right|The Grand Seminary at Pribina's Square]]
Notable religious structures located in Nitra are [[St. Emmeram's Cathedral, Nitra|St. Emmeram's Cathedral]], a [[Piarists|Piarist]] church, a [[Roman Catholic]] religious congregation founded by [[Joseph Calasanctius|Saint Joseph Calasanctius]] and a monastery founded in the 13th-14th century. The monastery church was later destroyed by a fire and remodelled from 1742-1748 in [[baroque]] style. Two towers were also added onto the church. The main altar has a beautiful statue ornamentation which portrays [[Stephen I of Hungary|Saint Stephen]] and [[Ladislaus I of Hungary]]. The interior was renovated in 1940 and three modern [[fresco]]s depicting themes from Slovak history of Nitra were created.
The oldest church of the city is the [[Stephen I of Hungary|Saint Stephen church]], which was built in the 11th-12th century, while the fundamentum of the building was constructed in the 9th century.

The old town (Staré Mesto) is dominated by a castle (''Hrad''), which is one of the most interesting ancient complexes of buildings in Slovakia. Archeological findings in the past decades indicate that a large fortified castle had already stood here at the time of [[Samo]]'s Empire, in the seventh century. Recent archaeological findings prove the existence of a church from the ninth century beneath the more recent Gothic St. Emmeram's Cathedral. The construction of the stone castle began during the 9th century during the reign of the Prince of Nitra Svätopluk. The castle currently serves as the seat of one of [[Diocese of Nitra|Roman Catholic bishoprics in Slovakia]], which was founded in 880 as the first bishopric of western and eastern Slavs, ceased to exist in the 10th century and was refounded around 1110.

The [[Dražovce church]] is a remarkable example of the early [[Romanesque architecture]].

The synagogue was built in 1908-1911 for the Neolog Jewish community. It was designed by Lipót (Leopold) Baumhorn (1860–1932), the prolific Budapest-based synagogue architect. Located in a narrow lane, the building is a characteristic example of Baumhorn's style. A mélange of Moorish, Byzantine and Art Nouveau elements, it faces the street with a two-tower facade. The sanctuary is a domed hall supported by four pillars that also support the women’s gallery. After more than a decade of painstaking restoration by the municipality of Nitra, the building is now used as a center for cultural activities. The women's gallery houses "The Fate of Slovak Jews" – Slovakia's national Holocaust memorial exhibition. The synagogue serves as a permanent exhibition space for graphic works by the Nitra-born Israeli artist Shraga Weil.<ref>[http://www.slovak-jewish-heritage.org/nitra-synagogue.html Slovak Jewish Heritage], an NGO web page</ref>
[[File:Nitrianska synagoga.jpg|thumb|right|Synagogue]]

The most powerful medium wave transmitter of Slovakia, running on 1098 kHz, was situated in Nitra at [[Velke Kostolany transmitter|Velke Kostolany]] until recently. This transmitter could broadcast throughout all of Europe at night. Since 2003, however, it has operated on lower output to save energy cost, and has transmitted regional programming only.

The Virgin Mary's mission house (Calvary) was built in 1765 for Spanish order of Nazarens. They had to take care of the church and nomands. Later, the building served as orphanage. In 1878-85 this building was rebuilt into Novoromanesque style and in 1925 one new floor was added to the building. The building as we know it today is a work of Slovak architect M. M. Harminec. Nowadays the whole building is mission house of [http://www.svd.sk/index.html The Divine Word Society]. There is a mission museum in this building.

==Government==
[[File:Svatopluks Square.JPG|thumb|right|Svätopluk's Square and the Nitra Museum with a large exhibition of Great Moravian artifacts]]
The city is governed by a [[mayor]] ({{lang-sk|primátor}}) and a [[city council]] (Slovak: ''mestské zastupiteľstvo''). The mayor is the head of the city and its chief executive. The term of office is for four years. The current mayor, [[Jozef Dvonč]], won the municipal election in 2006 and is supported by these political parties: [[Direction – Social Democracy|Smer-SD]], [[Christian Democratic Movement|KDH]], [[Slovak National Party|SNS]], [[Free Forum|SF]] and [[Movement for Democracy (Slovakia)|HZD]]. The city council is the legislative body, with 31 councillors.<ref name='urbanaudit'/>

The city is divided into 13 urban districts (boroughs): ''Dolné Krškany'', ''Horné Krškany'', ''Staré Mesto'', ''Čermáň'', ''Klokočina'', ''Diely'', ''Párovské Háje'', ''Kynek'', ''Mlynárce'', ''Zobor'', ''Dražovce'', ''Chrenová'' and ''Janíkovce''.

==Education==
[[File:Pribinas Square.JPG|thumb|right|Pribina's Square]]
Nitra is the seat of two universities: [[University of Constantinus the Philosopher]], with 13,684 students, including 446 doctoral students.<ref name='uips17'>{{cite web|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/VS_P17.PDF |title=Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa |accessdate=2008-02-21 |format=PDF |publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva |language=Slovak}}</ref> and of the [[Slovak University of Agriculture]], with 10,297 students, including 430 doctoral students.<ref name='uips41'>{{cite web|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/VS_P41.PDF |title=Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita |accessdate=2008-02-21 |format=PDF |publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva |language=Slovak}}</ref> The city's system of primary education consists of 14 public schools and three religious primary schools, enrolling in overall 6,945 pupils.<ref name='uips'>{{cite web | title=Prehľad základných škôl v školskom roku 2006/2007 | year= 2006 | publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva | url =http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/ZS_P4.PDF | accessdate = 2008-02-21 | language = Slovak}}</ref> Secondary education is represented by five gymnasia with 3,349 students,<ref name='uips2'>{{cite web|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/GYM_P4.PDF |title=Prehľad gymnázií v školskom roku 2006/2007 |accessdate=2008-02-21 |format=PDF |publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva |language=Slovak}}</ref> 8 specialized high schools with 3,641 students,<ref name='uips3'>{{cite web|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/SOS_P4.PDF |title=Prehľad stredných odborných škôl v školskom roku 2006/2007 |accessdate=2008-02-21 |format=PDF |publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva |language=Slovak }}</ref> and 5 vocational schools with 3,054 students.<ref name='uips4'>{{cite web|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/ZSS_P4.PDF |title=Prehľad združených stredných škôl v školskom roku 2006/2007 |accessdate=2008-02-21 |format=PDF |publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva |language=Slovak }}</ref><ref name='uips5'>{{cite web|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/SOU_P4.PDF |title=Prehľad stredných odborných učilíšť a učilíšť v školskom roku 2006/2007 |accessdate=2008-02-21 |format=PDF |publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva |language=Slovak }}</ref>

Nitra used to be the site of the Jewish school [[Yeshiva of Nitra]], the last surviving yeshiva in occupied Europe during World War II, associated with famous rabbis [[Chaim Michael Dov Weissmandl]] and [[Shmuel Dovid Ungar]]. The yeshiva was moved to [[Mount Kisco]], New York, USA, after the second world war, where it still exists.

==Transport==
[[File:Sts. Cyril and Methodius Statue.JPG|thumb|right|The statue of [[Saints Cyril and Methodius|Sts. Cyril and Methodius]] at the foot of the Nitra Castle]]
Nitra is connected to Trnava and Bratislava by a fast expressway ([[R1 expressway (Slovakia)|E58]]). There are also first-class road connections to Topoľčany, [[Zlaté Moravce]] (labelled as "Highway of Death"),<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Spectacular Slovakia | url = http://travel.spectator.sk/ss2006/03_nitra.html | title = Nitra: Under the giant’s shoulders | year = 2007 | accessdate = 2008-03-24}}</ref> [[Vráble]] and Nové Zámky. A planned bypass in direction to Banská Bystrica is planned to be completed by 2010.<ref>{{cite web | publisher = highways.sk | url = http://www.highways.sk/express/expressways.html | title = Rýchlostné cesty (Expressways) | author = Ján Gana | year = 2008 | accessdate = 2008-03-24 | language = Slovak}}</ref>

[[Nitra railway station]] forms part of the railway line between [[Nové Zámky]]/[[Šurany]] and [[Prievidza]], which passes through Nitra, but is not a main line. There is a [[junction (rail)|railway junction]] a short distance north of the town, connecting the city with [[Leopoldov]], [[Topoľčany]] and [[Radošina]].

Nitra also has its own recreational [[airfield]]. However, the closest international airport is the [[Bratislava Airport]].

Local public transport is based on buses with 30 lines, covering the whole city, as well as extending to the neighbouring municipalities of [[Lužianky]], [[Nitrianske Hrnčiarovce]], [[Štitáre]], [[Ivanka pri Nitre]] and [[Branč]] (as of March 2008).<ref>{{cite web | publisher = imhd.sk | url = http://www.imhd.sk/nr/index.php?w=f230212d372f2833ef3930212dea&m=262927eef0f1f3f0f8f0f0f2ef34252933 | title = Public transport in Nitra | year = 2008 | accessdate = 2008-03-24}}</ref>
There was a chairlift leading to Zobor hill, however, it has been closed since 1994.

==Arts==
There are two theaters in Nitra: [http://www.dab.sk Divadlo Andreja Bagara](Andrej Bagar Theatre) and [http://www.staredivadlo.sk Staré Divadlo Karola Spišáka] (Karol Spišák Old Theatre).
Nitra's main arts museum is [http://www.nitrianskagaleria.sk Nitrianska Galéria].
[[File:Divaldo Andreja Bagara.jpg|thumb|Divaldo Andreja Bagara]]<ref>http://www.nitra-travel.com - The Andreja Bagara Theatre, with the Nitra Castle in the background</ref>

==Famous people==

* [[Svatopluk I]] (830-894), Prince of Nitra, King of [[Great Moravia]]
* [[Pribina]] (?-861), Prince of the [[Principality of Nitra|Nitra]] and Balaton principalities
* [[Svatopluk II]] (?-906), Prince of Nitra
* [[Koceľ]] (c.833-c.876), Prince of the [[Balaton Principality]]
* [[Saint Bystrík]] (?-1046), Bishop of Nitra
* [[Béla I of Hungary]] (1016–1063), Duke of Nitra, [[Kingdom of Hungary|King of Hungary]]
* [[János Bottyán]] (1643–1709), Hungarian [[kuruc]] general
* Tamás Esze (1666–1708) Hungarian [[kuruc]] leader died here in 1708
* Imre Erdősi (1814–1890), Hungarian [[Piarists|piarist]] monk and teacher
* [[Vilmos Fraknói]] (1843–1924), Hungarian historian
* Béla Bangha (1880–1940), Hungarian politician was born here
* Oszkar Grosz (1896–1968), Shipowner in England
* [[Juraj Kolník]] (1980-),professional ice hockey player
* [[Anton Lehmden]] (1929-), painter, draughtsman, and printmaker
* [[Branislav Mezei]] (1980-),professional ice hockey player
* [[Ľubomír Moravčík]] (1965-), football player
* [[Zita Pleštinská]], maiden name Kányaiová (1961-), member of the [[European Parliament]]
* [[Ottokár Prohászka]] (1858–1927), Hungarian Roman Catholic theologian and [[Bishop]] of [[Székesfehérvár]]
* [[Shmuel Dovid Ungar]] (1886–1945) the rabbi of Nitra and dean of the Nitra Yeshiva
* [[Chaim Michael Dov Weissmandl]] (1903–1957) a rabbi who became known for his efforts to save the Jews of Slovakia during the [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]]
* [[Pavol Hrušovský]] (1952-) Deputy Speaker of the [[National Council of the Slovak Republic]]
* [[Štefan Ružička]] (1985-), professional ice hockey player
* [[Miroslav Stoch]] (1989-), professional football (soccer player), currently signed with [[Fenerbahce S.K.]]
* [[Jozef Stümpel]] (1972-), professional ice hockey player
* [[Boris Valabik]](1986-), professional ice hockey player

==Music==
Nitra is the home town of three popular slovak music bands. Those bands are [[Gladiátor]], [[Horkýže Slíže]] and [[Desmod]].

==Twin Towns - Sister Cities==
Nitra is [[town twinning|twinned]] with:
{| cellpadding="10"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
* {{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Bački Petrovac]] in [[Serbia]]
* {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[České Budějovice]] in [[Czech Republic]]
* {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Gosford, New South Wales|Gosford]] in [[Australia]]
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Guadalajara, Spain|Guadalajara]] in [[Castile-La Mancha]], [[Spain]]
||
||
* {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Kielce]] in [[Poland]]
* {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Kroměříž]] in [[Czech Republic]]
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Naperville, Illinois|Naperville]] in [[United States]]
* {{flagicon|Croatia}} [[Osijek]] in [[Croatia]]
||
||
* {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Spišská Nová Ves]] in [[Slovakia]]
* {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Zielona Góra]] in [[Poland]] <small>''(since 1992)'' <ref name="Zielona Góra">{{cite web|url=http://www.zielona-gora.pl/umzg/index.php?id=1111&lng=pl|title=''Zielona Góra - Partner Cities''|publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2008 Urzędu Miasta Zielona Góra.|accessdate=2008-12-07}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Zoetermeer]] in [[Netherlands]]
|}

==References==
===Bibliography===
*{{Cite book
| last = Lacika
| first = Ján
| title = Nitra and its environs
| edition = 1st ed.
| series = Visiting Slovakia
| year = 2003
| publisher = [http://www.dajama.sk Dajama]
| location = Bratislava, Slovakia
| isbn = 80-88975-53-0
}}

===Notes===
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.nitra.sk Nitra.sk] – Official Website
* [http://www.panoramy.net/index.php?cat=4&lang=english Panoramic photo gallery of Nitra]
* [http://www.yesterdays.sk/kategorie.php?id=49 Historical photos of Nitra]
* [http://www.nitralive.sk Development news, photos, shopping centers]
* [http://www.360cities.net/tour-preview/slovakia-nitra-castle Virtual tour of Nitra castle]
* [http://opencities.britishcouncil.org/web/index.php?p_nitra_en OPENCities]
{{Nitra District}}
{{Slovak Seats}}
{{commonscat|Nitra}}

[[Category:Nitra| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Slovakia]]
[[Category:Great Moravia]]

[[ar:نيترا]]
[[be:Горад Нітра]]
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[[zh:尼特拉]]

Nitra

2011-05-08T12:09:53Z

Smoldo:

{{iné významy}}
{{Geobox | Settlement

| name = Nitra
| other_name =
| category = mesto

| image = View from Castle.JPG
| image_caption = Pohľad z hradu

| flag =
| symbol =

| etymology =
| official_name =
| motto =
| nickname =

| country = Slovensko
| country_flag = 1
| state =
| region = [[Nitriansky kraj|Nitriansky]]
| histregion = [[Ponitrie]]
| district = [[Okres Nitra|Nitra]]
| municipality =

| part =
| river = [[Nitra (rieka)|Nitra]]

| location =
| coordinates_no_title =
| elevation = 167
| lat_d = 48
| lat_m = 18
| lat_s = 25
| lat_NS = S
| long_d = 18
| long_m = 05
| long_s = 11
| long_EW = V
| coordinates_type = region:SK_type:city(80000)
| highest =
| highest_elevation =
| highest_lat_d =
| highest_long_d =
| lowest =
| lowest_elevation =
| lowest_lat_d =
| lowest_long_d =

| area =108

| population = 82661
| population_date = 1.1.2010
| population_note = <ref name=GD>[http://www.nitra.sk/geografia-a-demografia.phtml?id3=5021 Mesto Nitra - Geografia a demografia]</ref>
| population_density = auto

| established = 826
| established_type = Prvá písomná zmienka
| mayor = Jozef Dvonč<ref>{{Zoznam starostov a primátorov 2010|Jozef Dvonč}}</ref>
| mayor_type = Primátor
| mayor_party = [[SMER]], [[KDH]], [[Slovenská národná strana (1990)|SNS]], [[SZ]]

| timezone = [[Stredoeurópsky čas|SEČ]] | utc_offset =+1
| timezone_DST = [[Stredoeurópsky letný čas|SELČ]] | utc_offset_DST =+2
| postal_code = 949 XX, 950 50
| area_code = +421-37
| area_code_type = Telefónna predvoľba
| code = 500011 | code_type = [[Štatistická územná jednotka|ŠÚJ]]
| code1 = NR | code1_type = [[Evidenčné číslo vozidla|EČV]]

| free =

| map = Slovakia - outline map.svg
| map_background = Slovakia - background map.png
| map_caption = Poloha mesta v rámci Slovenska
| map_locator = Slovensko
| map1 = Nitra Region - outline map.svg
| map1_background = Nitra Region - background map.png
| map1_caption = Poloha v rámci Nitrianskeho kraja
| map1_locator = Nitriansky kraj

| commons = Nitra
| statistics = {{MOŠ/MIS|500011}}
| website = http://www.nitra.sk

| footnotes =
}}

[[Súbor:Nitra - Castle.jpg|right|thumb|Nitriansky hrad]]
[[Súbor:Nitra view from above.jpg|right|thumb|Nitra zhora]]
[[Súbor:Mestsky dom.JPG|right|thumb|Mestský dom v Nitre]]
[[Súbor:Nitra.jpg|Ponitrianske múzeum na Svätoplukovom námestí (bývalý mestský úrad)|thumb]]
[[Súbor:Grand Seminary.JPG|Veľký seminár na Pribinovom námestí|thumb]]
[[Súbor:Slovakia Nitra1.jpg|Nitra|thumb]]
[[Súbor:Nitra-zobor-hegy.jpg|Zobor|thumb]]
[[Súbor:Rieka Nitra.jpg|Rieka Nitra|thumb]]

'''Nitra''' ({{V jazyku|hun|Nyitra}}, {{v jazyku|deu|Neutra}}) je mesto ležiace v [[Nitriansky kraj|Nitrianskom kraji]] vzdialené asi 80 km severovýchodne od [[Bratislava|Bratislavy]]. Preteká ňou rovnomenná rieka [[Nitra (rieka)|Nitra]] a zo severnej strany sa nad ňou týči vrch [[Zobor (vrch)|Zobor]]. Je najstarším mestom na Slovensku, prvé potvrdené historické zmienky sa datujú na začiatok 9. storočia. Počtom obyvateľstva 82661 (k 1.1.2010)<ref name=GD /> je piatym najväčším mestom na Slovensku a je po nej pomenovaná planétka [[9543 Nitra|(9543) Nitra]].

== Polohopis ==
=== Časti mesta ===
; Mestské časti: [[Čermáň]], [[Diely]], [[Dolné Krškany]], [[Dražovce]], [[Horné Krškany]], [[Chrenová]], [[Janíkovce]], [[Klokočina]], [[Kynek]], [[Mlynárce]], [[Párovské Háje]], [[Prameň (mestská časť)|Prameň]], [[Staré mesto (Nitra)|Staré mesto]], [[Šúdol]], [[Zobor (Nitra)|Zobor]]
; Sídliská: [[Diely]], [[Chrenová]], [[Klokočina]], [[Čermáň]], [[Párovce]]
; Ostatné časti: Čermáň, Dvorčany, [[Kalvária (Nitra)|Kalvária]]
; Osady: Jurský dvor, Lukov Dvor, Mikova Ves, Orechov Dvor

=== Vodné toky ===
* Rieka [[Nitra (rieka)|Nitra]]
* Prítoky: [[Dobrotka]], [[Selenec (prítok Nitry)|Selenec]] a [[Radošinka]]
* Rameno [[Malá Nitra]]

=== Spravodajstvá ===

* Televízne regionálne spravodajstvo. TV Central je najznámejším z Nitry, jedno z ich sídiel je pri parku na Sihoti.
* Novinové regionálne spravodajstvo. Noviny MY sú asi najznámejším, potom tu je aj Nitrianskozlatomoravecko a Regionálne noviny.
* Internetové regionálne spravodajstvo. Najznámejšie tu je Patriot. Do povedomia ľudu sa dostáva takisto Mesačné Spravodajstvo.

== Obyvateľstvo ==
Národnostné zloženie (2001): národnosť slovenská 92,00%, maďarská 6,80%, česká 0,70%, rómska 0,55%, ukrajinská 0,17% a ostatné 1,2%.
Vierovyznanie: rímskokatolícke 74,2%, bez vyznania (ateisti) 17,2%, evanjelické 2,8%, nezistené 4,2%.

== Dejiny ==
Nitra je mestom mimoriadneho historického významu. Počiatky jej osídlenia siahajú až do praveku, ako to dokumentujú početné archeologické nálezy na území mesta. Už pred 30 000 rokmi bola husto osídleným územím. Osady prvých roľníckych obyvateľov boli na území mesta už takmer pred 6 000 rokmi.

Oblasť dnešnej Nitry bola významným strediskom [[Kelti|Keltov]] (už niekoľko storočí pred našim letopočtom), neskôr Germánov a nakoniec [[Slovania|Slovanov]]. Bola sídlom prvých známych vládcov územia dnešného Slovenska -
germánske kmene Kvádov (okolo r. 396 po Kr., sporné) a od 8. storočia do 1108 sídlo [[Nitrianske kniežatstvo|Nitrianskeho kniežatstva]].

Už z [[9. storočie|9. storočia]] pochádzajú vykopávky bohato vybavených pohrebísk. Archeologický prieskum doložil existencie niekoľkých románskych cirkevných stavieb.

V prvej tretine 9. storočia tu sídlilo knieža [[Pribina]], mesto bolo vtedy jedným z centier [[Veľká Morava|Veľkej Moravy]]. Nitrianska aglomerácia bola v čase Veľkej Moravy a poveľkomoravskom období väčšia ako dnešné mesto <ref>http://spravy.pravda.sk/slovenski-archeologovia-prepisuju-historiu-fni-/sk_domace.asp?c=A100823_183213_sk_domace_p23</ref>. V Nitre sa nachádza prvý známy kresťanský kostol strednej a východnej Európy, ktorý bol postavený v roku 828. Nitra bola sídlom prvej diecézy (biskupského úradu) na území Slovenska (od roku 880). V ranom stredoveku mesto zažilo svoj rozkvet počas vlády [[Svätopluk (knieža)|Svätopluka]], ktorý bol nitrianskym kniežaťom cca. od 850 do 871 a potom vládca Veľkej Moravy do roku 894. Za vlády Svätopluka v rokoch 880-881 na Zobori postavili prvý známy kláštor na Slovensku. Počas jeho vlády sa tiež Nitra skladala z piatich opevnených osád a dvadsiatich trhovísk, čo svedčí o jej význame. Medzi 9. a 10. storočím v Nitre a okolí už stálo niekoľko kostolov: Nitriansky hrad, [[Párovce]], [[Nitrianska Blatnica]], [[Lupka]], [[Zobor (Nitra)|Zobor]] a [[Kostoľany pod Tribečom]]. Za hranicami mesta sa nachádzali ďalšie veľkomoravské osady - [[Chrenová]], [[Lupka]], [[Branč (okres Nitra)|Branč]], [[Vráble]] a [[Zlaté Moravce]]. Svätý Cyril a Metod, tvorcovia [[hlaholika|hlaholiky]] (predchodcu [[cyrilika|cyriliky]]) sa aktívne podieľali na rozvoji cirkvi a prvej známej diecézy na území Slovenska. Bazilika, ktorá bola objavená pod nitrianskym hradom je možno oným prvým kresťanským kostolom západných a východných [[Slovania|Slovanov]] z roku 828.

Od konca 10. storočia (okrem 1001-1030) mesto patrilo [[Arpádovci|Arpádovcom]], okolo roku [[1083]] alebo [[1100]] bolo obnovené Nitrianske [[biskupstvo]]. Roku [[1248]] sa Nitra stala kráľovským mestom, o štyridsať rokov neskôr ale kráľ [[Mesto (všeobecne)|mesto]] a [[hrad]] daroval nitranskym [[biskup]]om. Premena Nitry z kráľovského mesta, na mesto zemepánske mala dalekosiahle dôsledky. Mesto sa dostalo do nižšej právnej kategórie, no ako biskupské sídlo a významný hrad bola i naďalej významným centrom.

V rokoch [[1633]] - 34 ju okupovali [[Osmanská ríša|Turci]] pri svojich výbojoch.

Od polovice 18. storočia bola Nitra od vojenských útrap ušetrená, čo umožnilo obnovu mesta a úpravy hradu, najmä katedrály.

V dôsledku stavebného rozvoja, počet obyvateľov v 19. storočí prevýšil 10 000 a správa sa stala zložitejšou. V roku 1873 sa Nitra stala mestom so zriadeným magistrátom na čele s primátorom a početným obecným zastupiteľstvom. Ďalší rozvoj mesta bol silne ovplyvnený dvoma svetovými vojnami. V novej Česko-slovenskej republike sa Nitra stala sídlom župy. Po druhej svetovej vojne nastalo obdobie búrlivého stavebného rozvoja, počas ktorého boli však zničené mnohé architektonické pamiatky. Nitra však získala mnohé školy, vedecké i kultúrne ustanovizne a stala sa centrom slovenského poľnohospodárskeho školstva, vedy a výroby.

Najznámejšou pamiatkou je hrad z 11. storočia, v 15. storočí prestavaný a upravovaný ešte v období [[barok]]a.

== Kultúra a zaujímavosti ==
=== Divadlo ===
V Nitre sídli [[Divadlo Andreja Bagara]] (DAB). Počiatky divadelného umenia v Nitre sa datujú od roku [[1883]], kedy bolo postavené prvé nitrianske divadlo. To stálo na mieste dnešného, no počas [[Druhá svetová vojna|druhej svetovej vojny]] bolo zničené a divadlo hralo v provizórnych priestoroch do roku [[1992]], keď bola dokončená nová budova na Svätoplukovom námestí.

Názov Divadlo Andreja Bagara nesie nitrianske divadlo od roku [[1979]]. Bolo pomenované po významnom slovenskom hercovi a režisérovi - [[Andrej Bagar|Andrejovi Bagarovi]].

Od roku 1992 sa v DAB pravidelne posledný septembrový týždeň koná medzinárodný festival '''Divadelná Nitra'''.

Okrem DAB v Nitre pôsobí i Staré divadlo Karola Spišáka (pôvodné bábkové divadlo).

=== Klokočinský jarmok ===
Každoročne sa v lete na nitrianskom sídlisku [[Klokočina]] koná oddychové podujatie s názvom Klokočinský jarmok, ktorého súčasťou sú rôzne kolotoče, adrenalínové atrakcie a bufety s občerstvením a na mieste sa konajú rôzne hudobné koncerty alebo aj [[ohňostroj]].
=== Šport ===
* [[futbal]] - klub [[FC Nitra]] hrá od roku [[2005]] znovu v [[Corgoň liga|Corgoň lige]], kde v sezóne 2007/2008 pod vedením Pavla Hapala získala historické 3. miesto
* [[ľadový hokej|hokej]] - klub [[HC KCERO Nitra]] hrá v [[slovenská hokejová extraliga|slovenskej hokejovej extralige]], kde sa v sezóne 2005/2006 stal víťazom základnej časti a v play off obsadil konečné 3. miesto
* [[basketbal]] - klub [[BK Casta SPU Nitra]] hrá v slovenskej basketbalovej extralige. kde v sezóne 2005/2006,2008/2009 získal titul majstra SR vždy pod vedením trénera Dr. Ľubomíra Urbana.

== Hospodárstvo a infraštruktúra ==
=== Dôležité firmy ===
* Agrokomplex-Výstavníctvo Nitra (príspevková organizácia)
* Cesty Nitra, Groupe Colas
* Oil Slovakia (známa pod obchodnou značkou Aral)
* Parapetrol
* Plastika
* Tukový priemysel Nitra
* Víno Nitra
* Foxconn Electronics
* Visteon
* Giesecke and Devrient
* ELEKTROMAT Nitra
* M-Trade Slovakia
* G-U Slovakia
* SEBN Slovakia (v minulosti Volkswagen Slovakia a.s.)

=== Doprava ===
;Železničná doprava
Železničná doprava má v Nitre klesajúcu tendenciu kvôli neefektívnosti využitia a zastaralému vozovému parku a chátrajúcej železničnej stanici, ktorá pochádza z roku [[1876]] a posledná rekonštrukcia sa konala v rokoch 1924-25. Nový projekt [[ŽSR]] ''Moderná stanica'' sa zameria na rekonštrukciu a úpravu celého areálu, čo by výrazne pomohlo železničnej doprave v Nitre. {{bez citácie}}

; Poľná železnica Slovenského poľnohospodárskeho múzea v Nitre.
Táto parná železnica sa nachádza v areáli Výstaviska Agrokomplex Nitra a v súčasnosti slúži výlučne pre návštevníkov výstav.

; Medzimestská autobusová doprava
Je to najrozvinutejšia doprava v meste, autobusy chodia do všetkých smerov, či už sú to prímestské, medzimestské alebo medzinárodné. Aj napriek neekologickému spôsobu je to najvyužívanejší druh dopravy. Autobusová stanica je v súčasnosti v zlom technickom stave; rekonštrukciu pripravuje autobusový dopravca Nitry Veolia Transport Nitra a.s. v spolupráci s mestom Nitra {{bez citácie}}. Ďalší problém tejto dopravy je nedostačujúca cestná sieť, avšak aj tento problém sa vyrieši v roku 2013 pri otvorení rýchlostnej cesty R1 spolu s obchvatom Nitry.

; Mestská hromadná doprava (pozri [[MHD Nitra]])
Výborne rozvinutá je Mestská hromadná doprava (MHD), ktorá má dobré zabezpečenie v celom meste (30 liniek).

; Letecká doprava
V mestskej časti Janíkovce sa nachádza letisko s medzinárodným štatútom kde sídli aj Aeroklub Nitra.

== Osobnosti ==
* [[Pribina]] - nitrianske knieža
* [[Július Bártfay]] - akademický sochár
* [[Jozef Dóczy]] - slovenský [[herec]]
* [[Juraj Dolinský]], rímskokatolícky kňaz, cirkevný historik
* [[Michal Gučík]] - slovenský herec a podnikateľ
* [[Emil Horváth]] - slovenský herec a divadelný [[režisér]]
* PhDr. [[Ivan Kamenec]] Csc. - slovenský [[historik]] a vysokoškolský [[učiteľ]]
* [[Peter Kočiš]] - slovenský herec a moderátor
* [[Ľubomír Kolník]] - slovenský hokejista
* [[Anna Martvoňová]], (Hornungová), rodená Mányiová, slovenská operná speváčka
* RNDr. [[František Mikloško]] - je slovenský [[matematik]] a politik
* [[Ľubomír Moravčík]] - bývalý dlhoročný slovenský futbalový reprezentant
* [[Jozef Stank]] - bývalý slovenský [[minister]] obrany a vedúci kancelárie [[prezident]]a
* [[Svätý Svorad]] – patrón Nitry (narodený v 10. storočí – zomrel okolo roku 1032, pochovaný je v Nitre)
* [[Jozef Stümpel]] - slovenský [[hokej]]ista
* [[Daniela Šinkorová]] - slovenská herečka
* [[Zuzana Štefečeková]] - slovenská strelkyňa, strieborná medailistka z letnej olympiády 2008 v Pekingu
* [[Eva Pavlíková]] - slovenská herečka
* [[Peter Hrivňák]] - spevák skupiny [[Horkýže Slíže]]

== Partnerské mestá ==
# {{Flagicon|Srbsko}} [[Petrovec (mesto)|Petrovec]], [[Srbsko]]
# {{Flagicon|Česko}} [[České Budějovice]], [[Česko]]
# {{Flagicon|Česko}} [[Kroměříž]], [[Česko]]
# {{Flagicon|Slovensko}} [[Spišská Nová Ves]], [[Slovensko]]
# {{Flagicon|Chorvátsko}} [[Osijek]], [[Chorvátsko]]
# {{Flagicon|Poľsko}} [[Zielona Góra]], [[Poľsko]]
# {{flagicon|USA}} [[Naperville]], [[Spojené štáty|USA]]
# {{Flagicon|Austrália}} [[Gosford]], [[Austrália (štát)|Austrália]]
# {{Flagicon|Holandsko}} [[Zoetermeer]], [[Holandsko]]
</div>

== Vzdušná fotografia ==
<gallery>
Image:Nyitracivertanlegi1.jpg
Image:Nyitracivertanlegi2.jpg
Image:
Image:
</gallery>

== Galéria ==
<gallery>
Súbor:Knieža Pribina.jpg|Nitrianske knieža Pribina
Súbor:Mesto Nitra.jpg|Mesto Nitra z vrchu Zobor
Súbor:Zobor.jpg|Vrch Zobor z hradu
Súbor:Zobor_vysielač.jpg|Západ slnka na Zobore
</gallery>

== Referencie ==
{{referencie}}

== Pozri aj ==
* [[Zoznam ulíc a námestí v Nitre]]

== Iné projekty ==
{{Projekt|commons=Category:Nitra}}.

== Externé odkazy ==
* [http://www.nitra.sk Oficiálna stránka mesta Nitra]

{{Mestské časti Nitry}}
{{Obce okresu Nitra}}
{{Pamiatkové rezervácie na Slovensku}}

[[Kategória:Nitriansky kraj]]
[[Kategória:Okres Nitra]]
[[Kategória:Mestá na Slovensku]]
[[Kategória:Mestské pamiatkové rezervácie na Slovensku]]
[[Kategória:Nitra| ]]

[[ar:نيترا]]
[[be:Горад Нітра]]
[[be-x-old:Нітра]]
[[bg:Нитра]]
[[ca:Nitra]]
[[cs:Nitra]]
[[da:Nitra]]
[[de:Nitra]]
[[en:Nitra]]
[[eo:Nitra]]
[[es:Nitra]]
[[et:Nitra]]
[[fi:Nitra]]
[[fr:Nitra]]
[[frr:Nitra]]
[[he:ניטרה]]
[[hr:Nitra (grad)]]
[[hu:Nyitra]]
[[id:Nitra]]
[[it:Nitra]]
[[ja:ニトラ]]
[[ko:니트라]]
[[li:Nitra]]
[[lmo:Nitra]]
[[lt:Nitra]]
[[lv:Nitra]]
[[mk:Нитра]]
[[nl:Nitra]]
[[nn:Nitra]]
[[no:Nitra]]
[[pl:Nitra (miasto)]]
[[pt:Nitra]]
[[ro:Nitra]]
[[ru:Нитра]]
[[simple:Nitra]]
[[sr:Њитра]]
[[sv:Nitra]]
[[uk:Нітра]]
[[war:Nitra]]
[[yi:נייטרא]]
[[zh:尼特拉]]

Neverice

2011-05-07T11:52:04Z

Smoldo:

Neverice/Atanasije Nikolić

2011-05-07T11:51:53Z

Smoldo: Created page with 'Atanasije Nikolic is excellent off/deff trainer with solid LS . In past, he was MC.'

Atanasije Nikolic is excellent off/deff trainer with solid LS . In past, he was MC.

2011-05-06T19:41:44Z

Smoldo:

Neverice

2011-05-06T19:41:22Z

Smoldo:

Neverice

2011-05-06T19:28:24Z

Smoldo:

Neverice

2011-05-06T19:28:13Z

2011-05-06T14:08:43Z

Smoldo: